Friedrichshafen
2021年10月8日Register here: http://gg.gg/w5ry3
Friedrichshafen is a unique pearl proudly owned by the strict and confident Germany. Explore the many rich slews of noteworthy and interesting attractions and locations! Book your tickets online for the top things to do in Friedrichshafen, Germany on Tripadvisor: See 3,243 traveller reviews and photos of Friedrichshafen tourist attractions. Find what to do today, this weekend, or in September. We have reviews of the best places to see in Friedrichshafen. Visit top-rated & must-see attractions.
*Friedrichshafen Map
*Friedrichshafen Zf
Bahnhofplatz 2,88045Friedrichshafen 5 plots in order traversal.Overview
This modern hotel in centrally located in the town of Friedrichshafen, between the railway station and the shore of Lake Constance. Free WiFi access is available.
The SEEhotel Friedrichshafen offers stylish, cozy and fully air conditioned rooms.
Guests at the SEEhotel enjoy complimentary use of the sauna and steam bath.
Dine in the Uferlos restaurant, and treat yourself to the delicious regional and international cuisine on offer.
From the comfortable roof terrace of the SEEhotel, you can enjoy a magnificent view of Lake Constance and the Alps.
Paid private parking is available in the hotel’s underground car park. Public parking garages are available nearby.
Rooms: 8 When would you like to stay?Facilities of SEEhotel FriedrichshafenGeneral
*WiFi in all areasFood & Drink
*Restaurant
*Bar
*Breakfast in the room
*Packed lunches
*Special diet meals (on request)
*Kids’ mealsPool and Spa
*Turkish/Steam BathFront Desk Services
*24-hour front desk
*Newspapers
*Express check-in/out
*Tour desk
*Baggage storage
*ConciergeCommon Areas
*Sun deckCleaning Services
*Laundry
*Dry cleaning
*Ironing service
*Shoeshine
*Daily housekeepingBusiness Facilities
*Meeting/Banquet facilities
*Fax/PhotocopyingMiscellaneous
*Non-smoking rooms
*Facilities for disabled guests
*Elevator
*Soundproof rooms
*Heating
*Hypoallergenic room available
*Smoke-free property
*Air conditioning
*Designated smoking areaSafety & security
*Safe
*Smoke alarms
*Fire extinguishersSafety features
*Staff follow all safety protocols as directed by local authorities
*Shared stationery (e.g. printed menus, magazines, pens, paper) removed
*Hand sanitizer in guest accommodation and common areas
*First aid kits available
*Face masks for guests availablePhysical distancing
*Cashless payment available
*Physical distancing rules followedFriedrichshafen Map
*Screens or physical barriers between staff and guests in appropriate areasCleanliness & disinfection
*Use of cleaning chemicals that are effective against coronavirus
*Linens, towels, and laundry washed in accordance with local authority guidelines
*Guest accommodation disinfected between stays
*Property cleaned by professional cleaning companies
*Guests have the option to cancel any cleaning services for their accommodation during their stayFood & drink safety
*Physical distancing in dining areas
*Food can be delivered to guest accommodation
*All plates, cutlery, glasses, and other tableware sanitized Internet
WiFi is available in all areas and is free of charge. Parking
Private parking is available on site (reservation is not possible) and charges apply. Policies of SEEhotel Friedrichshafen
These are general hotel policies for SEEhotel Friedrichshafen. As they may vary per room type, please also check the room conditions. Check-in
From 15:00 hoursCheck-out
Until 10:00 hours Cancellation / Prepayment
Cancellation and prepayment policies vary according to property type. Children and Extra Beds
Free!One child under 3 years stays free of charge in a crib.
Free!One child under 7 years stays free of charge when using existing beds.
One child from 7 to 10 years is charged EUR 15 per night when using existing beds.
One child from 10 to 14 years is charged EUR 21 per night when using existing beds.
One older child or adult is charged EUR 30 per night in an extra bed.
The maximum number of extra beds in a room is 1.
The maximum number of total guests in a room is 2.
The maximum number of cribs in a room is 1.
Any type of extra bed or crib is upon request and needs to be confirmed by management.
Additional fees are not calculated automatically in the total cost and will have to be paid for separately during your stay. E.p.l. football results. Pets
Pets are allowed on request. Charges may apply.Accepted credit cards
*Mastercard
*Visa
*Debit card
*UnionPay credit card
*Diners Club
*American Express
The property reserves the right to pre-authorize credit cards prior to arrival.Friedrichshafen ZfSee all reviews
Register here: http://gg.gg/w5ry3
https://diarynote.indered.space
Friedrichshafen is a unique pearl proudly owned by the strict and confident Germany. Explore the many rich slews of noteworthy and interesting attractions and locations! Book your tickets online for the top things to do in Friedrichshafen, Germany on Tripadvisor: See 3,243 traveller reviews and photos of Friedrichshafen tourist attractions. Find what to do today, this weekend, or in September. We have reviews of the best places to see in Friedrichshafen. Visit top-rated & must-see attractions.
*Friedrichshafen Map
*Friedrichshafen Zf
Bahnhofplatz 2,88045Friedrichshafen 5 plots in order traversal.Overview
This modern hotel in centrally located in the town of Friedrichshafen, between the railway station and the shore of Lake Constance. Free WiFi access is available.
The SEEhotel Friedrichshafen offers stylish, cozy and fully air conditioned rooms.
Guests at the SEEhotel enjoy complimentary use of the sauna and steam bath.
Dine in the Uferlos restaurant, and treat yourself to the delicious regional and international cuisine on offer.
From the comfortable roof terrace of the SEEhotel, you can enjoy a magnificent view of Lake Constance and the Alps.
Paid private parking is available in the hotel’s underground car park. Public parking garages are available nearby.
Rooms: 8 When would you like to stay?Facilities of SEEhotel FriedrichshafenGeneral
*WiFi in all areasFood & Drink
*Restaurant
*Bar
*Breakfast in the room
*Packed lunches
*Special diet meals (on request)
*Kids’ mealsPool and Spa
*Turkish/Steam BathFront Desk Services
*24-hour front desk
*Newspapers
*Express check-in/out
*Tour desk
*Baggage storage
*ConciergeCommon Areas
*Sun deckCleaning Services
*Laundry
*Dry cleaning
*Ironing service
*Shoeshine
*Daily housekeepingBusiness Facilities
*Meeting/Banquet facilities
*Fax/PhotocopyingMiscellaneous
*Non-smoking rooms
*Facilities for disabled guests
*Elevator
*Soundproof rooms
*Heating
*Hypoallergenic room available
*Smoke-free property
*Air conditioning
*Designated smoking areaSafety & security
*Safe
*Smoke alarms
*Fire extinguishersSafety features
*Staff follow all safety protocols as directed by local authorities
*Shared stationery (e.g. printed menus, magazines, pens, paper) removed
*Hand sanitizer in guest accommodation and common areas
*First aid kits available
*Face masks for guests availablePhysical distancing
*Cashless payment available
*Physical distancing rules followedFriedrichshafen Map
*Screens or physical barriers between staff and guests in appropriate areasCleanliness & disinfection
*Use of cleaning chemicals that are effective against coronavirus
*Linens, towels, and laundry washed in accordance with local authority guidelines
*Guest accommodation disinfected between stays
*Property cleaned by professional cleaning companies
*Guests have the option to cancel any cleaning services for their accommodation during their stayFood & drink safety
*Physical distancing in dining areas
*Food can be delivered to guest accommodation
*All plates, cutlery, glasses, and other tableware sanitized Internet
WiFi is available in all areas and is free of charge. Parking
Private parking is available on site (reservation is not possible) and charges apply. Policies of SEEhotel Friedrichshafen
These are general hotel policies for SEEhotel Friedrichshafen. As they may vary per room type, please also check the room conditions. Check-in
From 15:00 hoursCheck-out
Until 10:00 hours Cancellation / Prepayment
Cancellation and prepayment policies vary according to property type. Children and Extra Beds
Free!One child under 3 years stays free of charge in a crib.
Free!One child under 7 years stays free of charge when using existing beds.
One child from 7 to 10 years is charged EUR 15 per night when using existing beds.
One child from 10 to 14 years is charged EUR 21 per night when using existing beds.
One older child or adult is charged EUR 30 per night in an extra bed.
The maximum number of extra beds in a room is 1.
The maximum number of total guests in a room is 2.
The maximum number of cribs in a room is 1.
Any type of extra bed or crib is upon request and needs to be confirmed by management.
Additional fees are not calculated automatically in the total cost and will have to be paid for separately during your stay. E.p.l. football results. Pets
Pets are allowed on request. Charges may apply.Accepted credit cards
*Mastercard
*Visa
*Debit card
*UnionPay credit card
*Diners Club
*American Express
The property reserves the right to pre-authorize credit cards prior to arrival.Friedrichshafen ZfSee all reviews
Register here: http://gg.gg/w5ry3
https://diarynote.indered.space
Storm 8 Slots 777 Reviews
2021年10月8日Register here: http://gg.gg/w5rut
Storm8 Slots777, poker polska jak zdobyc zetony, closest casino near sayre pa, eldorado casino reno win loss statement. Classic 777 slot has 4 reels and just one winning line. To get the win you need to collect three same symbols in a central line. Some of the games are a little bit more advanced but the basic picture looks somehow like this. Triple 7s slots are often combined with the second most popular slot symbol — fruits.Rate This Game When submitting my score I agree that my IP will be stored to prevent abuseClaim Your $500 Bonus At Caesars Casino in Pennsylvania!100% Match on First DepositWorld Renowned Casino100% Match Over Two Deposits100% Up To $502 On First Two DepositsPlay More Free Slots in PA
Are you under the impression that all PA online slots have five reels and many paylines? Does it seem like simple three-reel slots have virtually disappeared? Well, think again. Retro slots still exist at PA online casinos, and Triple Red Hot 777 is one of them.
Or maybe you have been avoiding slots with only three reels and a few paylines because you assume they are boring. If that is the case, as soon as you start playing Triple Red Hot 777, you will change your mind. This online slot machine and “boring” don’t belong in the same sentence.
The full name of this slot is Triple Red Hot 777 Free Games, which is somewhat misleading. The number of symbols in this simple game is only six, not 777, and you won’t be offered 777 free spins either.
The phrase “Red Hot 777” refers to the top-paying regular symbol and the even more valuable Triple Red Hot wild symbol.
The “Free Games” refer to the seven free spins with multipliers that you can also be awarded, but for that to happen, three scatter symbols must land on the reels. If three scatter symbols show up simultaneously again anytime during the free spins, you receive seven more free spins. Theoretically, you could trigger the free games bonus with seven spins again and again, up to 100 times, which would give you 700 free spins (not 777), but that is highly unlikely.Triple Red Hot 777 basics
At brick-and-mortar casinos, you will see players keep switching from one slot game to another, hoping to find one that is “hot.” Online slot players frequently do the same. But with a name like Triple Red Hot 777, if 7 is your lucky number, you won’t want to look anywhere else. When this online slot gets hot, it gets red hot.
Triple Red Hot 777 slot machine is by IGT, one of the biggest and best-known casino game manufacturers. IGT makes both slots and table games for land-based and online casinos all over the world. Some of the most popular slots, like Cleopatra, Siberian Storm and Wheel of Fortune, just to name a few, come from IGT.
But IGT also makes classic three-reel slots like Double Diamond, Triple Diamond and Triple Red Hot 777.
Triple Red Hot 777 contains three reels and five paylines. However, it’s up to you how many paylines you want to have in play. If you’re going to keep the cost of your bets to a minimum, you can adjust the number of paylines downward. You can play with any number of paylines from just one to all five.
Other than the wild and scatter symbols, the seven is the only symbol. However, the seven can be red, white or blue. In addition, some of the red 7s are labeled “red hot.” We will tell you all about the different winning combinations for each symbol and what they pay later.What’s great about Triple Red Hot 777
If you have never played Triple Red Hot 777, while the attention-grabbing title makes it sound exciting, it’s hard to imagine you being sold based only on the description given so far. On the contrary, you might be wondering the following: How could a game played with only three reels, five (or fewer) paylines, and no other symbols besides 7, 77 or 777 (other than the two special symbols) be anything but dullsville?
What makes this slot a favorite with players is not a seemingly endless number of ways to win or multiple interactive bonus games within the game. It is the combination of exciting extras that make playing a lot of fun without making the game overly complicated.
Triple Red Hot 777 is packed with special features. Along with a wild symbol and scatter symbol, the game includes a Triple Red Hot 3x wild multiplier and a free games bonus with spitfire multipliers of up to 7x your winnings that can be retriggered many times!
It is also a very colorful slot. The large, brightly colored symbols and upbeat soundtrack accompanying your play will energize and entice you to keep playing, especially after a win.What could be improved with Triple Red Hot 777
This slot game is not for everyone. For starters, I found the soundtrack too loud for my taste, at least initially. After playing a while, though, I got used to it.
More importantly, many players prefer slots with five reels, more paylines and several bonus features, so they have more ways to win. They also like slot games with specific themes and especially those with storylines where you can root for certain characters. Symbols that relate to those themes and become animated when you win and interactive features, like pick-and-click bonus games, add to the fun. In all of these aspects, Triple Red Hot 777 falls short.Mediocre RTP and high volatility
If you’re a conservative player rather than a risk-taker and especially if your bankroll is limited, Triple Red Hot 777 may not be the right slot for you. This is a game that can turn red hot, but it can also run ice cold. So, keep that in mind and choose your bet size carefully.This is a slot that some players probably can’t afford
The published return to player or RTP on this slot indicates a range from 92.01% to 96.13%, with an average RTP of 94.91%. These figures aren’t bad, but they are not great either. Many online slots have a higher RTP.
However, keep in mind that the RTP is a theoretical average based on the expected results for thousands of spins over an extended period of time. Your results for any given playing session can vary markedly from the theoretical RTP in either direction.
Triple Red Hot 777 is also a high volatility slot. This attribute increases the likelihood that during the course of your play, you will experience big swings in your bankroll. These can be up or down or both.
A mediocre RTP plus high volatility is a tough combination. So unless you are adequately bankrolled, Triple Red Hot 777 may be too hot to handle and not in the way you want. You might never get a chance to get a big win in the base game or trigger the bonus game because after only a short time playing, you lose your entire stake, as I did in one of three playing sessions in demo mode.Wide range of bet sizes
Triple Red Hot 777 offers a wide enough range of bet size to accommodate anyone from small bettors to high rollers. However, as mentioned above, this is a highly volatile game. So, if money is tight, it would probably be best not to play this game or to play for lower stakes than you usually do.
The minimum and maximum bet per spin depend on where you are playing and also whether you are playing in demo mode or for real money. If you are betting real money, to determine how much each bet will cost you, first select your coin size (which can range from as little as a penny to as much as $2, and at some casinos, even more). Then choose your line bet (5 coins minimum to 100 coins maximum) and multiply that amount by the number of paylines you want to have working for you—1 to 5.
Therefore, if the range of permissible coin sizes is 1 cent to $1, depending on the number of paylines you activate, the minimum bet per spin would range from 5 cents to 25 cents. And the maximum bet per spin would range from $100 to $500. If the maximum coin size is $2, the maximum bet per spin, with all 5 lines in play, would be $1,000.Triple Red Hot 777 symbols
Hopefully, 7 is your lucky number or it will become your lucky number after playing this game because you will be seeing a lot of them.
The highest paying regular symbol is the Red Hot 7. Even if just one shows up on a working payline, you’re an immediate winner and get paid 40x your line bet. But if two land on a working payline, you win 80x your line bet, and if a Red Hot 7 lands on all three reels on a working payline, you win 150x your line bet.
The other regular symbols, in descending order of value, are blue 7s, white 7s, and mixed 7s. For a winning combination with these symbols, you need three in a row on a working payline. Three blue 7s pay 25x your line bet, three white 7s pay 20x your line bet, and three mixed 7s pay 5x your line bet.Wild symbol
The wild symbol is not a 7. But whenever it appears, you will recognize it instantly by the words “Triple Red Hot 3x.”
This symbol can substitute for any of the four regular symbols to help form winning combinations, and in so doing, acts as a multiplier.
When one wild symbol contributes to a winning combination, it triples the amount of the payout. However, when a winning combination contains one regular symbol and two wild symbols, the payout gets multiplied by 9!
When the Triple Red Hot wild symbol does not combine with other symbols to form a winning combination, you still win. One Triple Red Hot symbol on a working payline returns 2x your line bet, while two of these symbols pay 10x your line bet. But what if you’re lucky enough to get three Triple Hot wild symbols on the same working payline–one on every reel? That’s when you’ll know that this slot has gotten more than red hot–it’s on fire! You’ll be looking at a mega size win. Three Triple Red Hot symbols pay 20,000x your line bet!Scatter symbol
Another symbol to be on the lookout for in this game is the scatter symbol. However, you need three scatter symbols to show up simultaneously to trigger the potentially very lucrative free games bonus. Where they land on each reel doesn’t matter as long as all three reels have one. See the following section on how free games bonus works.Triple Red Hot 777 slot machine payout table
The following paytable will show you at a glance all of the possible winning combinations of the above-mentioned symbols and their respective payouts.SymbolNo. of Like SymbolsNo. of Like SymbolsNo. of Like SymbolsTriple Red Hot Wild21020,000Red Hot 74080150Blue 7s25White 7s20Mixed 7s 5Free games bonus and spitfire multipliers
Anytime a scatter bonus symbol appears on all three reels in any position, you win 1x your total bet instantly. You will also trigger the free games bonus consisting of seven free spins.
All of the symbols found in the main game, including the Red Hot 777 and the wild and scatter symbols, remain in place during the free spins. The screen doesn’t change either, but there is one addition–a border of animated flames.
Free spins are played at the same line bet and number of paylines as the triggering spin.
However, you might wind up receiving more than seven spins, maybe even a lot more. On any given free spin, if a scatter symbol shows up on all three reels again, the free games bonus is retriggered. You can trigger the free games bonus again and again, up to 100x, which would give you 700 consecutive free spins!Spitfire Multipliers
During each free spin, you are awarded a ‘Spitfire Multiplier’. This can range from 2x to 7x your payout. All wins except a top paying line win of three Triple Red Hot wild symbols are multiplied by the awarded multiplier value. While three Triple Red Hot wild symbols on active payline won’t give you a spitfire multiplier, you’ll hardly notice because instead, you win 20,000x your line bet!The free games are where you can win big money
Short of hitting the game’s top payout by landing three Triple Red Hot wild symbols in a row, the free games are where this online slot can live up to its title in a big way. I suspect that the free games bonus is hard to trigger even once and you may have to play a long time before it materializes. But if you have the bankroll to keep playing, it’s worth the wait. Between the combination of the spitfire multipliers and the potential to retrigger an additional seven free spins repeatedly, you can win big money here. And since all of the spins during the bonus round are completely free, there is no further risk to your bankroll whatsoever.
If you’re lucky enough to trigger the free games, whether it is once or two or more times in succession, as soon as your free spins are over, my advice is to take the money and run.How I fared playing Triple Red Hot 777 in demo mode
When reviewing different online slot games, whenever possible, I play them a few times in demo mode to get a better feel for the game and pinpoint its great and not so great features. In this case, I was curious to see whether my luck playing Triple Red Hot 777 would or would not be red hot.
However, I discovered that my options were far more limited than if I were playing for real money. The casinos start you off with a hypothetical bankroll of $1,000, so that is all you have to work with during a single playing session. However, in most instances, the minimum line bet is not 5 cents but $25. You do have a choice of how many paylines you want to have in play–anywhere from 1-5. But playing with all five paylines would make the bet size for each spin a whopping $125, which would give you only eight chances to have a winning combination without having your bankroll drop to zero.
An alternative would be to play with just one working payline, which would reduce your odds of getting winning combinations. Moreover, given this game’s so-so RTP and high volatility, betting $25 on every spin with just a $1,000 bankroll is risky, too.
Session 1: +$160
The problem with playing with only one working payline is that you win less frequently. So it came as no surprise that my first seven spins all came up empty. Then the slot suddenly got hot. After a couple of $50 payouts and one “big win” of $150, I was ahead $160. Rather than continue to play in the hope of triggering the free games bonus, I decided that the smartest thing to do at that point was to end the session.Session 2: +$1,820
This time I stayed with the $10 line bet, but instead of playing with just one payline, I played with all five. This made the bet for each spin $50 rather than just $10. If I were betting real money, there is no way I would play for those stakes with a bankroll of only $1,000. But since I was using play money, I decided to gamble.
This time the game’s high volatility clearly manifested itself. I got off to a very rocky start that had me losing more than half of my bankroll and down to my last $420. But then on a single spin, I won $2,400! By the way, the huge win didn’t happen in the free spins, which once again, I failed to trigger, but in the base game when two Red Hot 7s and a Triple Red Hot wild symbol all landed on the same payline.Session 3: -$1,000
Encouraged by the great results in the last playing session, against my better judgment, for my final playing session, I changed casinos and played with a line bet of 25 but only one working payline. But despite only betting half as much per spin as in Session 2, this time my hypothetical bankroll of $1,000 couldn’t handle it. After losing the first six bets, I won $125 on a line of mixed 7s, but it was almost steadily downhill thereafter. As my bankroll kept dwindling, nothing short of winning combination with Red Hot 7s or Triple Red Hot wild symbols or triggering the free games bonus would have brought it back up again. It didn’t happen, and I tapped out.The bottom line
As my brief experience playing Triple Red Hot slots for free demonstrated, this is a very volatile slot. You could get super lucky and win a fortune, but if you’re not careful, you could just as easily see virtually your entire bankroll disappear in a flash.
That said, many players enjoy this slot immensely. One reason is the way it seamlessly combines old school simplicity with the advanced technology you only see in modern slots.
Exciting special features that could work in your favor to bring you a very nice payday are another reason why many players are drawn to this slot. With the help of the wild multiplier and the free games with spitfire multipliers, if your luck runs red hot, you could win hundreds or even thousands of dollars in a single playing session.Free Slots 777
Triple Red Hot 777 might not have all the bells and whistles as some online slots. However, it does offer a big advantage over slots with five reels. You only have to line up three like symbols in a row to win the top prize for that symbol, and for some symbols, two in a row (starting with the reel furthest to the left) will produce a payout as well.Storm 8 Slots
If you’re looking for an online slot without a lot of complicated rules that’s still a ton of fun to play, you’ll find it in Triple Red Hot 777. But play smart. Strike while the slot is hot, but don’t expect it to remain on fire indefinitely. If you do, you’re likely to get burned.
Register here: http://gg.gg/w5rut
https://diarynote-jp.indered.space
Storm8 Slots777, poker polska jak zdobyc zetony, closest casino near sayre pa, eldorado casino reno win loss statement. Classic 777 slot has 4 reels and just one winning line. To get the win you need to collect three same symbols in a central line. Some of the games are a little bit more advanced but the basic picture looks somehow like this. Triple 7s slots are often combined with the second most popular slot symbol — fruits.Rate This Game When submitting my score I agree that my IP will be stored to prevent abuseClaim Your $500 Bonus At Caesars Casino in Pennsylvania!100% Match on First DepositWorld Renowned Casino100% Match Over Two Deposits100% Up To $502 On First Two DepositsPlay More Free Slots in PA
Are you under the impression that all PA online slots have five reels and many paylines? Does it seem like simple three-reel slots have virtually disappeared? Well, think again. Retro slots still exist at PA online casinos, and Triple Red Hot 777 is one of them.
Or maybe you have been avoiding slots with only three reels and a few paylines because you assume they are boring. If that is the case, as soon as you start playing Triple Red Hot 777, you will change your mind. This online slot machine and “boring” don’t belong in the same sentence.
The full name of this slot is Triple Red Hot 777 Free Games, which is somewhat misleading. The number of symbols in this simple game is only six, not 777, and you won’t be offered 777 free spins either.
The phrase “Red Hot 777” refers to the top-paying regular symbol and the even more valuable Triple Red Hot wild symbol.
The “Free Games” refer to the seven free spins with multipliers that you can also be awarded, but for that to happen, three scatter symbols must land on the reels. If three scatter symbols show up simultaneously again anytime during the free spins, you receive seven more free spins. Theoretically, you could trigger the free games bonus with seven spins again and again, up to 100 times, which would give you 700 free spins (not 777), but that is highly unlikely.Triple Red Hot 777 basics
At brick-and-mortar casinos, you will see players keep switching from one slot game to another, hoping to find one that is “hot.” Online slot players frequently do the same. But with a name like Triple Red Hot 777, if 7 is your lucky number, you won’t want to look anywhere else. When this online slot gets hot, it gets red hot.
Triple Red Hot 777 slot machine is by IGT, one of the biggest and best-known casino game manufacturers. IGT makes both slots and table games for land-based and online casinos all over the world. Some of the most popular slots, like Cleopatra, Siberian Storm and Wheel of Fortune, just to name a few, come from IGT.
But IGT also makes classic three-reel slots like Double Diamond, Triple Diamond and Triple Red Hot 777.
Triple Red Hot 777 contains three reels and five paylines. However, it’s up to you how many paylines you want to have in play. If you’re going to keep the cost of your bets to a minimum, you can adjust the number of paylines downward. You can play with any number of paylines from just one to all five.
Other than the wild and scatter symbols, the seven is the only symbol. However, the seven can be red, white or blue. In addition, some of the red 7s are labeled “red hot.” We will tell you all about the different winning combinations for each symbol and what they pay later.What’s great about Triple Red Hot 777
If you have never played Triple Red Hot 777, while the attention-grabbing title makes it sound exciting, it’s hard to imagine you being sold based only on the description given so far. On the contrary, you might be wondering the following: How could a game played with only three reels, five (or fewer) paylines, and no other symbols besides 7, 77 or 777 (other than the two special symbols) be anything but dullsville?
What makes this slot a favorite with players is not a seemingly endless number of ways to win or multiple interactive bonus games within the game. It is the combination of exciting extras that make playing a lot of fun without making the game overly complicated.
Triple Red Hot 777 is packed with special features. Along with a wild symbol and scatter symbol, the game includes a Triple Red Hot 3x wild multiplier and a free games bonus with spitfire multipliers of up to 7x your winnings that can be retriggered many times!
It is also a very colorful slot. The large, brightly colored symbols and upbeat soundtrack accompanying your play will energize and entice you to keep playing, especially after a win.What could be improved with Triple Red Hot 777
This slot game is not for everyone. For starters, I found the soundtrack too loud for my taste, at least initially. After playing a while, though, I got used to it.
More importantly, many players prefer slots with five reels, more paylines and several bonus features, so they have more ways to win. They also like slot games with specific themes and especially those with storylines where you can root for certain characters. Symbols that relate to those themes and become animated when you win and interactive features, like pick-and-click bonus games, add to the fun. In all of these aspects, Triple Red Hot 777 falls short.Mediocre RTP and high volatility
If you’re a conservative player rather than a risk-taker and especially if your bankroll is limited, Triple Red Hot 777 may not be the right slot for you. This is a game that can turn red hot, but it can also run ice cold. So, keep that in mind and choose your bet size carefully.This is a slot that some players probably can’t afford
The published return to player or RTP on this slot indicates a range from 92.01% to 96.13%, with an average RTP of 94.91%. These figures aren’t bad, but they are not great either. Many online slots have a higher RTP.
However, keep in mind that the RTP is a theoretical average based on the expected results for thousands of spins over an extended period of time. Your results for any given playing session can vary markedly from the theoretical RTP in either direction.
Triple Red Hot 777 is also a high volatility slot. This attribute increases the likelihood that during the course of your play, you will experience big swings in your bankroll. These can be up or down or both.
A mediocre RTP plus high volatility is a tough combination. So unless you are adequately bankrolled, Triple Red Hot 777 may be too hot to handle and not in the way you want. You might never get a chance to get a big win in the base game or trigger the bonus game because after only a short time playing, you lose your entire stake, as I did in one of three playing sessions in demo mode.Wide range of bet sizes
Triple Red Hot 777 offers a wide enough range of bet size to accommodate anyone from small bettors to high rollers. However, as mentioned above, this is a highly volatile game. So, if money is tight, it would probably be best not to play this game or to play for lower stakes than you usually do.
The minimum and maximum bet per spin depend on where you are playing and also whether you are playing in demo mode or for real money. If you are betting real money, to determine how much each bet will cost you, first select your coin size (which can range from as little as a penny to as much as $2, and at some casinos, even more). Then choose your line bet (5 coins minimum to 100 coins maximum) and multiply that amount by the number of paylines you want to have working for you—1 to 5.
Therefore, if the range of permissible coin sizes is 1 cent to $1, depending on the number of paylines you activate, the minimum bet per spin would range from 5 cents to 25 cents. And the maximum bet per spin would range from $100 to $500. If the maximum coin size is $2, the maximum bet per spin, with all 5 lines in play, would be $1,000.Triple Red Hot 777 symbols
Hopefully, 7 is your lucky number or it will become your lucky number after playing this game because you will be seeing a lot of them.
The highest paying regular symbol is the Red Hot 7. Even if just one shows up on a working payline, you’re an immediate winner and get paid 40x your line bet. But if two land on a working payline, you win 80x your line bet, and if a Red Hot 7 lands on all three reels on a working payline, you win 150x your line bet.
The other regular symbols, in descending order of value, are blue 7s, white 7s, and mixed 7s. For a winning combination with these symbols, you need three in a row on a working payline. Three blue 7s pay 25x your line bet, three white 7s pay 20x your line bet, and three mixed 7s pay 5x your line bet.Wild symbol
The wild symbol is not a 7. But whenever it appears, you will recognize it instantly by the words “Triple Red Hot 3x.”
This symbol can substitute for any of the four regular symbols to help form winning combinations, and in so doing, acts as a multiplier.
When one wild symbol contributes to a winning combination, it triples the amount of the payout. However, when a winning combination contains one regular symbol and two wild symbols, the payout gets multiplied by 9!
When the Triple Red Hot wild symbol does not combine with other symbols to form a winning combination, you still win. One Triple Red Hot symbol on a working payline returns 2x your line bet, while two of these symbols pay 10x your line bet. But what if you’re lucky enough to get three Triple Hot wild symbols on the same working payline–one on every reel? That’s when you’ll know that this slot has gotten more than red hot–it’s on fire! You’ll be looking at a mega size win. Three Triple Red Hot symbols pay 20,000x your line bet!Scatter symbol
Another symbol to be on the lookout for in this game is the scatter symbol. However, you need three scatter symbols to show up simultaneously to trigger the potentially very lucrative free games bonus. Where they land on each reel doesn’t matter as long as all three reels have one. See the following section on how free games bonus works.Triple Red Hot 777 slot machine payout table
The following paytable will show you at a glance all of the possible winning combinations of the above-mentioned symbols and their respective payouts.SymbolNo. of Like SymbolsNo. of Like SymbolsNo. of Like SymbolsTriple Red Hot Wild21020,000Red Hot 74080150Blue 7s25White 7s20Mixed 7s 5Free games bonus and spitfire multipliers
Anytime a scatter bonus symbol appears on all three reels in any position, you win 1x your total bet instantly. You will also trigger the free games bonus consisting of seven free spins.
All of the symbols found in the main game, including the Red Hot 777 and the wild and scatter symbols, remain in place during the free spins. The screen doesn’t change either, but there is one addition–a border of animated flames.
Free spins are played at the same line bet and number of paylines as the triggering spin.
However, you might wind up receiving more than seven spins, maybe even a lot more. On any given free spin, if a scatter symbol shows up on all three reels again, the free games bonus is retriggered. You can trigger the free games bonus again and again, up to 100x, which would give you 700 consecutive free spins!Spitfire Multipliers
During each free spin, you are awarded a ‘Spitfire Multiplier’. This can range from 2x to 7x your payout. All wins except a top paying line win of three Triple Red Hot wild symbols are multiplied by the awarded multiplier value. While three Triple Red Hot wild symbols on active payline won’t give you a spitfire multiplier, you’ll hardly notice because instead, you win 20,000x your line bet!The free games are where you can win big money
Short of hitting the game’s top payout by landing three Triple Red Hot wild symbols in a row, the free games are where this online slot can live up to its title in a big way. I suspect that the free games bonus is hard to trigger even once and you may have to play a long time before it materializes. But if you have the bankroll to keep playing, it’s worth the wait. Between the combination of the spitfire multipliers and the potential to retrigger an additional seven free spins repeatedly, you can win big money here. And since all of the spins during the bonus round are completely free, there is no further risk to your bankroll whatsoever.
If you’re lucky enough to trigger the free games, whether it is once or two or more times in succession, as soon as your free spins are over, my advice is to take the money and run.How I fared playing Triple Red Hot 777 in demo mode
When reviewing different online slot games, whenever possible, I play them a few times in demo mode to get a better feel for the game and pinpoint its great and not so great features. In this case, I was curious to see whether my luck playing Triple Red Hot 777 would or would not be red hot.
However, I discovered that my options were far more limited than if I were playing for real money. The casinos start you off with a hypothetical bankroll of $1,000, so that is all you have to work with during a single playing session. However, in most instances, the minimum line bet is not 5 cents but $25. You do have a choice of how many paylines you want to have in play–anywhere from 1-5. But playing with all five paylines would make the bet size for each spin a whopping $125, which would give you only eight chances to have a winning combination without having your bankroll drop to zero.
An alternative would be to play with just one working payline, which would reduce your odds of getting winning combinations. Moreover, given this game’s so-so RTP and high volatility, betting $25 on every spin with just a $1,000 bankroll is risky, too.
Session 1: +$160
The problem with playing with only one working payline is that you win less frequently. So it came as no surprise that my first seven spins all came up empty. Then the slot suddenly got hot. After a couple of $50 payouts and one “big win” of $150, I was ahead $160. Rather than continue to play in the hope of triggering the free games bonus, I decided that the smartest thing to do at that point was to end the session.Session 2: +$1,820
This time I stayed with the $10 line bet, but instead of playing with just one payline, I played with all five. This made the bet for each spin $50 rather than just $10. If I were betting real money, there is no way I would play for those stakes with a bankroll of only $1,000. But since I was using play money, I decided to gamble.
This time the game’s high volatility clearly manifested itself. I got off to a very rocky start that had me losing more than half of my bankroll and down to my last $420. But then on a single spin, I won $2,400! By the way, the huge win didn’t happen in the free spins, which once again, I failed to trigger, but in the base game when two Red Hot 7s and a Triple Red Hot wild symbol all landed on the same payline.Session 3: -$1,000
Encouraged by the great results in the last playing session, against my better judgment, for my final playing session, I changed casinos and played with a line bet of 25 but only one working payline. But despite only betting half as much per spin as in Session 2, this time my hypothetical bankroll of $1,000 couldn’t handle it. After losing the first six bets, I won $125 on a line of mixed 7s, but it was almost steadily downhill thereafter. As my bankroll kept dwindling, nothing short of winning combination with Red Hot 7s or Triple Red Hot wild symbols or triggering the free games bonus would have brought it back up again. It didn’t happen, and I tapped out.The bottom line
As my brief experience playing Triple Red Hot slots for free demonstrated, this is a very volatile slot. You could get super lucky and win a fortune, but if you’re not careful, you could just as easily see virtually your entire bankroll disappear in a flash.
That said, many players enjoy this slot immensely. One reason is the way it seamlessly combines old school simplicity with the advanced technology you only see in modern slots.
Exciting special features that could work in your favor to bring you a very nice payday are another reason why many players are drawn to this slot. With the help of the wild multiplier and the free games with spitfire multipliers, if your luck runs red hot, you could win hundreds or even thousands of dollars in a single playing session.Free Slots 777
Triple Red Hot 777 might not have all the bells and whistles as some online slots. However, it does offer a big advantage over slots with five reels. You only have to line up three like symbols in a row to win the top prize for that symbol, and for some symbols, two in a row (starting with the reel furthest to the left) will produce a payout as well.Storm 8 Slots
If you’re looking for an online slot without a lot of complicated rules that’s still a ton of fun to play, you’ll find it in Triple Red Hot 777. But play smart. Strike while the slot is hot, but don’t expect it to remain on fire indefinitely. If you do, you’re likely to get burned.
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Although North Dakota has a long tradition with some great land-based tribal casinos, it has not legalized online casinos. There have been discussions of legalizing online casinos, but thereare no concrete plans in place at this time.
North Dakota does have a state lottery, which can indicate an openness to other forms of betting.
The nearest online casinos will be in Nevada, which has online poker through WSOP.
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You can easily see all casino locations by using our North Dakota casinos map. To zoom in, just click the + (plus) sign in the lower right corner of the map, or to zoom out, just click the –(minus) sign in the same area.
To move the map of casinos in North Dakota, click and hold down either of your mouse buttons. Then use the hand icon to drag the map in whichever direction you desire.
Each of the red icons on the map is a casino location. Just click on any red icon to see the name of the casino at that location. If you want more information on that casino, simply click againon the casino’s name and it will direct you to another page with detailed information on that particular casino, including address, phone number, toll-free phone number, room rates, casinosize, dining information, games offered, availability of discounts for seniors, any special features, and a direct link to that casino’s website.List of Land-based Casinos in North Dakota
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There are two types of casinos in North Dakota. First, there are more than 800 sites throughout the state that offer blackjack, with betting limits of $1-$25, for the benefit of charities.
Additionally, there are Indian casinos in North Dakota which offer: blackjack, craps, roulette, slots, video poker and video keno. Optional games include Spanish 21, Caribbean stud poker, letit ride, ultimate Texas hold em, poker, three-card poker, keno, bingo, big-6 wheel, and off-track betting. The maximum bet limits at these North Dakota casinos are as follows: blackjack-$100(two tables in a casino may have limits up to $250), craps-$60, roulette-$50, slots/video poker-$25 and poker-$50 per bet, per round with a maximum of three rounds.
The terms of the state’s compact with the tribes require gaming machines to return a minimum of 80% and a maximum of 100%. However, if a machine is affected by skill, such as video poker orvideo blackjack, the machines must return a minimum of 83%. In many states, the slot machine payback statistics for their casinos are released as a matter of public record. However, NorthDakota is not one of those states. Just click here to see a list of slot machine payback statistics for casinos in all U.S. states.
All Indian casinos in North Dakota are open 24 hours.Nd Casinos BonusGambling Laws in North Dakota
The minimum age requirement is 21 for casino gambling and 18 for bingo.
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For information on visiting North Dakota casinos, or other tourist attractions, call the state’s tourism office at (800) 435-5663 or go to www.ndtourism.com.
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*Saskatchewan - $14,519.00 Lightning Links #6314 April 25, 2016 - View More; Winner Marvin H. Kingman, Arizona - Machine # 2691 Flying Fortune June 10th, 2016 - View More; Winner Maxine V. Belcourt, ND - Summer Splash Out Grand Prize Winner: Premier 221 Castaway Pontoon with trailer- May 15, 2016 - View More; Winner Tom B. From Waskada, Manitoba - He was our big winner for the.
*This guide to North Dakota casinos is presented by www.ourfavoritecasinos.com which provides links to casino descriptions, hotel room discounts, stay-and-play packages, golf packages and which.
Although North Dakota has a long tradition with some great land-based tribal casinos, it has not legalized online casinos. There have been discussions of legalizing online casinos, but thereare no concrete plans in place at this time.
North Dakota does have a state lottery, which can indicate an openness to other forms of betting.
The nearest online casinos will be in Nevada, which has online poker through WSOP.
But, you can still register with a legal online casino while you’re in North Dakota. That means you can get the casino’s bonus offers or deposit, and then play whenever you’rein states where it’s legal (even in a layover at the airport). (Do be aware of the casino bonus’s expiry date, though.)Land-Based Casinos in North DakotaNorth Dakota Land-Based Casinos MapMap -->
You can easily see all casino locations by using our North Dakota casinos map. To zoom in, just click the + (plus) sign in the lower right corner of the map, or to zoom out, just click the –(minus) sign in the same area.
To move the map of casinos in North Dakota, click and hold down either of your mouse buttons. Then use the hand icon to drag the map in whichever direction you desire.
Each of the red icons on the map is a casino location. Just click on any red icon to see the name of the casino at that location. If you want more information on that casino, simply click againon the casino’s name and it will direct you to another page with detailed information on that particular casino, including address, phone number, toll-free phone number, room rates, casinosize, dining information, games offered, availability of discounts for seniors, any special features, and a direct link to that casino’s website.List of Land-based Casinos in North Dakota
Fargo Nd Casinos MapTypes of Casinos in North Dakota
There are two types of casinos in North Dakota. First, there are more than 800 sites throughout the state that offer blackjack, with betting limits of $1-$25, for the benefit of charities.
Additionally, there are Indian casinos in North Dakota which offer: blackjack, craps, roulette, slots, video poker and video keno. Optional games include Spanish 21, Caribbean stud poker, letit ride, ultimate Texas hold em, poker, three-card poker, keno, bingo, big-6 wheel, and off-track betting. The maximum bet limits at these North Dakota casinos are as follows: blackjack-$100(two tables in a casino may have limits up to $250), craps-$60, roulette-$50, slots/video poker-$25 and poker-$50 per bet, per round with a maximum of three rounds.
The terms of the state’s compact with the tribes require gaming machines to return a minimum of 80% and a maximum of 100%. However, if a machine is affected by skill, such as video poker orvideo blackjack, the machines must return a minimum of 83%. In many states, the slot machine payback statistics for their casinos are released as a matter of public record. However, NorthDakota is not one of those states. Just click here to see a list of slot machine payback statistics for casinos in all U.S. states.
All Indian casinos in North Dakota are open 24 hours.Nd Casinos BonusGambling Laws in North Dakota
The minimum age requirement is 21 for casino gambling and 18 for bingo.
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For information on visiting North Dakota casinos, or other tourist attractions, call the state’s tourism office at (800) 435-5663 or go to www.ndtourism.com.
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Today, most casinos are moving away from the practice of providing downloadable software, as this requires additional resources for maintenance and upgrades. However, many want to give their users gambling without limits, while still offering free clients for desktop and mobile devices.How to Download Free Casino Slot Games and How to Play On Your Mobile
To be able to play free casino games on your phone, you need:
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Playtech Gladiator. Gladiator is an online slot machine based on the theme of ancient Rome, consisting of 5 reels and 25 pay-lines, in addition to Wild and Scatter symbols and even a risk game to double wins.
Playtech Buffalo Blitz. Buffalo Blitz is a slot machine inspired by the theme for animals, and it has 6 reels and many ways to create combinations: 4,096 paid lines. It consists of a round of up to 100 free spins, Scatter symbols, wild multipliers and Stacked.24/7 Casino Games
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If you want to play in a casino, but have never done it before, then you probably should not immediately risk your money. There are simpler options – free casino games, which will allow you to get the most pleasure at the lowest cost or even for free.
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There is no need to download free games. All top free casino slot games are accessible through a browser and have a very small file size: the slot is downloaded in a few seconds (with casual Internet connection speed).
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Today, most casinos are moving away from the practice of providing downloadable software, as this requires additional resources for maintenance and upgrades. However, many want to give their users gambling without limits, while still offering free clients for desktop and mobile devices.How to Download Free Casino Slot Games and How to Play On Your Mobile
To be able to play free casino games on your phone, you need:
*find a casino app compatible with your operating system;
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Then you can instantly go to the game process, launching any slots without any restrictions. The procedure is the same when installing on a PC. Therefore, you can play anywhere without even having an internet connection. Be ready to hit a jackpot.Top 4 Free Casino Slot Games
Let’s highlight some top rated free casino slot games online.
Zeus slot machine from WMS. Zeus is a slot that is inspired by the god of the gods, the most important of the Greek gods. The gaming machine has 5 reels, 30 adjustable pay lines, the Wild and Scatter symbol, which throws rounds of 10, 25 or 100 spins for free.
Playtech Gladiator. Gladiator is an online slot machine based on the theme of ancient Rome, consisting of 5 reels and 25 pay-lines, in addition to Wild and Scatter symbols and even a risk game to double wins.
Playtech Buffalo Blitz. Buffalo Blitz is a slot machine inspired by the theme for animals, and it has 6 reels and many ways to create combinations: 4,096 paid lines. It consists of a round of up to 100 free spins, Scatter symbols, wild multipliers and Stacked.24/7 Casino Games
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24/7 Bistro puts a creative twist on comfort food classics – from breakfast favorites like fluffy buttermilk pancakes and brioche French toast to stick-to-your-ribs specialties like Philly cheesesteaks and flame-grilled ribeyes. It’s the spot to kick off the day, take a midday breather or indulge your late-night cravings, with a cocktail on the side. This contemporary American restaurant is for those who take good food and drink seriously, around-the-clock. After all, like a big jackpot, hunger can strike at any moment.
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The LFL is currently perhaps the most attractive competition in the world, which above all, enjoys great popularity among the male population.The origin of LFL (Lingerie Football League)
The concept of scantily clad girls playing this somewhat badass sport was introduced at the 2004 Superbowl under the name Lingerie Bowl.
It was an event that could be seen at halftime only in the United States under the figure of “pay-per-view” as an alternative entertainment to traditional halftime.
Such was the success of seeing beautiful women play practically in lingerie that a formal league went by the Lingerie Football League’s name. Slots lobstermania. Play free vegas slots 777. It began its inaugural season in September 2009. Mitch Mortaza is the founder of the league.
In 2013, the league changed its name, and today we know it as the Legends Football League whose administrative offices are in Las Vegas, Nevada.The equipment
These girls’ equipment when playing is protection for shoulders, elbows, knees, and helmets similar to those used in ice hockey.The LFL Rules
Don’t worry if you don’t know the rules of women’s football. We assume that after the Super Bowl, you want to know how football is played. But first, you must bear in mind that there are also female players and that there is a female competition that takes place that same day: the Lingerie Football League.
There are two modalities: the tackle, which allows contact and has 11 players on each team; and flag football, which stops play by removing a ribbon from a player from the opposing team, there are four to twelve members in each group and no helmets or shoulder pads are used.
Taking as a model the style of play of the Lingerie Football League, we will explain women’s football regulations:
*Annotations
5 plots in order worksheet. A team has four chances to score in the opposing zone. To be valid, the player must pass the line that limits the space to score points. That is known in American football as a touchdown.
*Conversion of two points
In women’s football, this play is allowed. After scoring, the team can be near the opposing end zone to score for a second time.
*Game time
The game is divided into four ten-minute quarters and a 12-minute halftime. What is peculiar about these quarters is that they only run when the play is on. Every time there is a touchdown, foul or other inconvenience, the clock stops. Also, there is an additional 8 minute sudden-death period in the event of a tie.
*The team
Each of the groups must have eleven players. It is divided into three positions:
Offensive, which are the ones that can score
Defensive, position to prevent the other team from scoring
Special teams, which kick the ball at specific and specific moments
*Yards
The court is divided five times from the middle to each end. There is an identification every ten yards: it goes from 0 to 50. The end zone is at the ends, after 0.
*Prohibitions
Unlike men’s football, certain moves are not allowed. That is the case with the field goal, one of the few movements with the foot, which will enable you to score points. The use of so-called punt kicks where the ball must not touch the ground is also not allowed. In Lingerie Football League matches, the kickoff is also not allowed in the women’s soccer regulations, given the ball in the hands.
These were some basic rules of women’s football. We hope that you will understand a little more about this fascinating sporting technique the next time you attend a game or watch it on television.Women and American Football: A History
The history of women’s American football dates back to the 1960s when feminist movements were frequent and intense. The idea arose as a desire to establish something new and rebellious, something that would dispel prejudices about women at the time.
The history of women’s American football is not as mysterious, famous, and rich as the NFL. Still, it certainly has great significance, and we (women) should talk about such a history with great pride.
For the first time, in 1962, Frankford Yellow Jackets women appeared at halftime to entertain the masses. For the next 39 years, women’s football did not officially exist. There are attempts, but most do not approve and do not support them, so these attempts fail.
The first ideas and the beginning of a project appeared in 1965. Agent Sid Friedman gathered talents and began to form a professional women’s league. I started with two teams. Later, the Women’s Professional Football League also includes its teams, such as Bowling Green, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Dayton, Pittsburgh, and Toledo.
In 1970, a woman named Patricia Barzi Palinkas was the first to step on the “men’s” field and play first. Realizing soon that the WPFL would disappear, she worked to create and survive the National Women’s Football League (NWFL). It included teams from the Dallas Bluebonnets, Fort Worth Shamrocks, Columbus Pacesetters, Toledo Troopers, Los Angeles Dandelions, California Mustangs, and Detroit Demons. It was amazing how much success that league achieved! In her first year, Linda Jefferson was already running back, won yards for the Troopers team, and became incredibly famous for her abilities. Her football career will forever be remembered, including 1000 consecutively searched yards, and 4th place on ABC’s Women’s Superstars.
In 1976, the NWFL was divided into three parts: East, South, and West. In the eastern region were the teams: Columbus Pacesetters, Detroit Demons, Philadelphia Queen Bees, Middletown (OH) Mustangs, and Toledo Troopers. In the southern part, the teams played: Oklahoma City Dolls, Houston Hurricanes, Dallas-Ft, Worth Shamrocks, San Antonio Flames, and Tulsa Babes. Groups also adorned the western part: Los Angeles Dandelions, California Mustangs, San Diego Lobos, and Pasadena Roses.Uofl Football Results
From 1971 to 1976, the Troopers team was convincingly invincible and first on the list. They achieved remarkable results. Despite everything, the management of the NWFL is slowly falling apart; Russel l Molzahn, the owner of the Dandelions team, decided to found a league called the Western States Women’s Professional Football League (WSWPFL). The groups involved in this league are part of the team from the southern part of the NWFL, and the new groups are Hollywood Stars, American Girls, Phoenix Cowgirls, Tucson Wild Kittens, Long Beach Queens, Cowgirls…
Both leagues had difficulties in financial problems, which was expected so that in the period from 1980 to 1998, there were no significant changes. It was only in 1998 that collaborations were launched, and everything started at a faster pace, hence the slogan that is remembered today: “Women… It Is Time That We Get A Chance At This Game!”.
In 1999, business partners Terry Sullivan and Carter Turner launched the Women’s Professional Football League (WPFL). By presenting the newly formed teams, they attracted the most talented women in the country and started something phenomenal and compelling. Their thought was, “SUCCEED WHERE OTHERS DID NOT!” Such a strong desire to make the dream of many women came true, and at that moment, it was to play on the field! It was so huge that women now come three times a year to participate in seminars and absorb knowledge. There will be no less than 700 women at these seminars, and each of them is grateful to the women who fought so that today they can sit where they sit and hear about football.Uniforms
The original Football League underwear uniforms consisted of a sports bra and underwear that were more revealing than protective. The uniforms had lace and ribbons, and the athletes all had to wear garters.
The uniforms have received much criticism for their revealing nature. In one famous article, Sarah Spain, the co-host, wrote: “After watching these women play, I can honestly say that I respect the heck of them as athletes, but I still won’t appreciate this Lingerie league or however it is called. ”
Some players have responded ambivalently or positively to the uniforms. One was quoted saying, “I just appreciate playing soccer, I don’t care what they assigned me,” and another in favor of limited clothing, saying: “It’s more comfortable than this.” Comparable surface players with experience in track and field competitions have pointed out that the typical LFL uniform is similar to other uniforms. Elizabeth Govrick of the Minnesota Valkyrie stated that “the track worked and I was wearing, you know, stuff if not close to almost less than what I’m wearing out on the soccer field. Whether you take volleyball or other sports, it’s pretty much the same. “Adrian Purnell of the Jacksonville Breeze says the suits are for marketing purposes only. Heather Furr, a quarterback for Chicago Bliss, said, “I think with the girls watching the game … if they can see beyond the uniform and see us as role models, then that’s what I want.” Abbie Sullivan of Crush Cleveland stated, “Just because we play in the LFL does not mean we promote promiscuity. We are smart women. We are athletes who take care of our bodies. We are the total package.”
Similarly, Crush Toledo player Marija Condric stated: “Everyone is entitled to their own opinion. Sit back and watch. You will forget what we are wearing, and you will be thinking about how hard that girl has been hit in the last move”.
Other players are expressed as viewing uniforms as a necessary evil, with one saying, “Maybe one day, girls won’t have to wear underwear to get people interested [in women’s soccer].” Liz Gorman, a player with the Jacksonville Breeze, stated that she prefers to wear a conventional uniform. She also indicated that the league is likely to switch to traditional uniforms in the future: “You look back at basketball, you used to wear skirts. It has changed; they have the WNBA now. So women’s sport has continuously evolved. and I think this sports league is going to end up changing the uniform. ”
Along with the league’s rebrand in 2013, the club decided to change uniforms. The association felt like the uniforms were too heavy on sex appeal, and these uniforms are traded for “performance wear.” While the US was left with the old uniforms for the 2013 season, minus the ribbons and leagues, LFL Australia’s debut season in early 2014 marked the new “performance wear” uniforms. The new uniforms resemble volleyball players’ uniforms, replacing the ribbons with the shoelaces.
The new uniforms made their debut in the US for the 2014 season. In addition to the shoelaces, the United States uniforms feature brighter and more vibrant colors for teams. The white uniforms have been mostly replaced, with the two home teams sporting what could be considered home away and color uniforms. White uniforms returned for the 2015 season, but only for specific groups.
In partnership with Sleefs, the LFL announced new uniforms with new colors for the 2016 season. Numbers and logos are now printed on the uniform rather than having been previously stitched on. Additionally, the league also announced that teams would have the option of black alternates.
The league announced that CandlenCaleb would become the new uniform supplier for the LFL beginning in the 2017 season. In the announcement, the club announced that the uniforms for the final home games from the 2017 season would include long pants instead of the regular bikini bottom for the first time in the league’s history. The new uniforms still lack the leg, hip, or chest padding, and include the existing bra and shoulder pad combo. The uniforms debuted as standard equipment at the beginning of the 2018 season. While the league, some players, and many fans were satisfied with the change, other more vocal fans and players were not, prompting the club to change the uniforms. The shorts, which look more similar to indoor volleyball shorts, are 2-3 inches longer than the original bikini bottoms. Some players have already worn athletic shorts underneath for added protection.Safety measures
Former underwear soccer player Nikki Johnson was one of many players who suffered multiple injuries. Those were injuries from hard blows, and she also had a broken wrist and had to go to surgery. Like many other players, she believes that the club gave very little protection to women, providing them with soft shoulder pads and soft helmets. Due to the lack of coverage around the torso, arms, and legs, they can sustain scratches and bruises very easily.
As part of the overhaul and rebranding, LFL and partner Rawlings changed the shoulder pads to be more protective, including a hard plastic shell to cover the shoulders. Additionally, the helmets were given more padding on the inside, intended to come out and warn the coach of a blow to the head, regardless of the players saying they are fine. It will put a system in which, if a player goes out of action with a head injury, they must pass a physical and mental test before returning.
At the beginning of the 2014 US season, Bauer unveiled new LFL helmets, designed with a more hardened outer shell and more padding than the MCP helmets used the last four years.
The shoulder pads were redesigned again for the 2014 season, with more padding given to the shoulders, and a thicker plate was given to the chest pad. They also introduced new sturdy elbow and knee pads, in addition to the new gloves designed by the Gloves champion, replacing Cutters as the official glove leagues.TeamsAll Football Scores For TodayC L Football ResultsTeamCityVenueFirst seasonAtlanta EmpireDuluth, GeorgiaInfinite Energy Arena2020Austin SoundCedar Park, TexasH-E-B CenterChicago BlitzBridgeview, IllinoisSeatGeek StadiumDenver RushDenver, ColoradoDenver ColiseumKansas City ForceIndependence, MissouriCable Dahmer ArenaLos Angeles Black StormOntario, CaliforniaToyota ArenaOmaha Red DevilsRalston, NebraskaRalston ArenaSeattle ThunderKent, WashingtonShoWare CenterFormer teamsLFL USTeamCityVenueFirst seasonLast seasonAtlanta SteamDuluth, GeorgiaInfinite Energy Arena20132019Austin AcousticCedar Park, TexasH-E-B Center20162019Baltimore CharmBaltimore, MarylandRoyal Farms Arena2010–112014Chicago BlissHoffman Estates, Illinois
Bridgeview, IllinoisSears Centre Arena
SeatGeek Stadium2009–102019Cleveland CrushCleveland, OhioQuicken Loans Arena2011–122013Dallas DesireGrand Prairie, Texas
Dallas, TexasQuikTrip Park
Cotton Bowl2009–102010–11Frisco, TexasDr Pepper Arena2016Denver DreamCommerce City, ColoradoDick’s Sporting Goods Park2009–10Loveland, ColoradoBudweiser Events Center20172019Green Bay ChillGreen Bay, Wisconsin
Milwaukee, WisconsinResch Center
U.S. Cellular Arena2011–122014Jacksonville BreezeJacksonville, FloridaJacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena20132014Las Vegas SinLas Vegas, Nevada
Ontario, CaliforniaOrleans Arena
Thomas & Mack Center
Citizens Business Bank Arena2011–122015Los Angeles TemptationLos Angeles, California
Ontario, CaliforniaLos Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena
Toyota Arena2009–102019Miami CalienteSunrise, Florida
Miami, FloridaBankAtlantic Center
FIU Stadium2009–102010–11Minnesota ValkyrieMinneapolis, MinnesotaTarget Center2011–122013Nashville KnightsNashville, TennesseeNashville Municipal Auditorium20182019New England LibertyManchester, New HampshireVerizon Wireless Arena2016New York MajestyReading, PennsylvaniaSovereign Center2009–10Omaha HeartRalston, NebraskaRalston Arena20132019Orlando FantasyOrlando, FloridaUCF Arena
Florida Citrus Bowl2010–112011–12Philadelphia PassionTrenton, New Jersey
Chester, PennsylvaniaSun National Bank Center
PPL Park2009–102013Pittsburgh RebellionPittsburgh, PennsylvaniaHighmark Stadium2017San Diego SeductionSan Diego, CaliforniaSan Diego Sports Arena2009–102010–11Seattle MistKent, WashingtonShoWare Center2009–102019Tampa BreezeTampa, FloridaTampa Bay Times Forum2009–102011–12Toledo CrushToledo, OhioHuntington Center2014Toronto TriumphToronto, OntarioRicoh Coliseum2011–12Never playedTeamCityVenueStated to debutArizona ScorchScottsdale, ArizonaSan Francisco SeductionSan Francisco, CaliforniaCow Palace2009St. Louis SaintsSt. Charles, MissouriFamily Arena2013Washington WarriorettesWashington, D.C.Capital One Arena2016LFL CanadaEast Texas Football Scores For Friday NightTeamCityVenueOperatedBC AngelsAbbotsford, British ColumbiaAbbotsford Entertainment & Sports Centre2012Regina RageRegina, SaskatchewanBrandt Centre2012Saskatoon SirensSaskatoon, SaskatchewanCredit Union Centre2012Toronto TriumphMississauga, OntarioHershey Centre2012Never playedTeamCityVenueStated to debutCalgary FilliesCalgary, AlbertaStampede Corral2013N R L Football ResultsLFL AustraliaTeamCityVenueJoinedNew South Wales SurgeSydneyCentrebet Stadium2013–14Queensland BrigadeGold CoastSkilled Park2013–14Victoria MaidensMelbourneAAMI Park2013–14Western Australia AngelsPerthnib Stadium2013–14Never playedTeamCityVenueStated to debutAdelaide ArsenalAdelaideCoopers Stadium2014–15
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The LFL is currently perhaps the most attractive competition in the world, which above all, enjoys great popularity among the male population.The origin of LFL (Lingerie Football League)
The concept of scantily clad girls playing this somewhat badass sport was introduced at the 2004 Superbowl under the name Lingerie Bowl.
It was an event that could be seen at halftime only in the United States under the figure of “pay-per-view” as an alternative entertainment to traditional halftime.
Such was the success of seeing beautiful women play practically in lingerie that a formal league went by the Lingerie Football League’s name. Slots lobstermania. Play free vegas slots 777. It began its inaugural season in September 2009. Mitch Mortaza is the founder of the league.
In 2013, the league changed its name, and today we know it as the Legends Football League whose administrative offices are in Las Vegas, Nevada.The equipment
These girls’ equipment when playing is protection for shoulders, elbows, knees, and helmets similar to those used in ice hockey.The LFL Rules
Don’t worry if you don’t know the rules of women’s football. We assume that after the Super Bowl, you want to know how football is played. But first, you must bear in mind that there are also female players and that there is a female competition that takes place that same day: the Lingerie Football League.
There are two modalities: the tackle, which allows contact and has 11 players on each team; and flag football, which stops play by removing a ribbon from a player from the opposing team, there are four to twelve members in each group and no helmets or shoulder pads are used.
Taking as a model the style of play of the Lingerie Football League, we will explain women’s football regulations:
*Annotations
5 plots in order worksheet. A team has four chances to score in the opposing zone. To be valid, the player must pass the line that limits the space to score points. That is known in American football as a touchdown.
*Conversion of two points
In women’s football, this play is allowed. After scoring, the team can be near the opposing end zone to score for a second time.
*Game time
The game is divided into four ten-minute quarters and a 12-minute halftime. What is peculiar about these quarters is that they only run when the play is on. Every time there is a touchdown, foul or other inconvenience, the clock stops. Also, there is an additional 8 minute sudden-death period in the event of a tie.
*The team
Each of the groups must have eleven players. It is divided into three positions:
Offensive, which are the ones that can score
Defensive, position to prevent the other team from scoring
Special teams, which kick the ball at specific and specific moments
*Yards
The court is divided five times from the middle to each end. There is an identification every ten yards: it goes from 0 to 50. The end zone is at the ends, after 0.
*Prohibitions
Unlike men’s football, certain moves are not allowed. That is the case with the field goal, one of the few movements with the foot, which will enable you to score points. The use of so-called punt kicks where the ball must not touch the ground is also not allowed. In Lingerie Football League matches, the kickoff is also not allowed in the women’s soccer regulations, given the ball in the hands.
These were some basic rules of women’s football. We hope that you will understand a little more about this fascinating sporting technique the next time you attend a game or watch it on television.Women and American Football: A History
The history of women’s American football dates back to the 1960s when feminist movements were frequent and intense. The idea arose as a desire to establish something new and rebellious, something that would dispel prejudices about women at the time.
The history of women’s American football is not as mysterious, famous, and rich as the NFL. Still, it certainly has great significance, and we (women) should talk about such a history with great pride.
For the first time, in 1962, Frankford Yellow Jackets women appeared at halftime to entertain the masses. For the next 39 years, women’s football did not officially exist. There are attempts, but most do not approve and do not support them, so these attempts fail.
The first ideas and the beginning of a project appeared in 1965. Agent Sid Friedman gathered talents and began to form a professional women’s league. I started with two teams. Later, the Women’s Professional Football League also includes its teams, such as Bowling Green, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Dayton, Pittsburgh, and Toledo.
In 1970, a woman named Patricia Barzi Palinkas was the first to step on the “men’s” field and play first. Realizing soon that the WPFL would disappear, she worked to create and survive the National Women’s Football League (NWFL). It included teams from the Dallas Bluebonnets, Fort Worth Shamrocks, Columbus Pacesetters, Toledo Troopers, Los Angeles Dandelions, California Mustangs, and Detroit Demons. It was amazing how much success that league achieved! In her first year, Linda Jefferson was already running back, won yards for the Troopers team, and became incredibly famous for her abilities. Her football career will forever be remembered, including 1000 consecutively searched yards, and 4th place on ABC’s Women’s Superstars.
In 1976, the NWFL was divided into three parts: East, South, and West. In the eastern region were the teams: Columbus Pacesetters, Detroit Demons, Philadelphia Queen Bees, Middletown (OH) Mustangs, and Toledo Troopers. In the southern part, the teams played: Oklahoma City Dolls, Houston Hurricanes, Dallas-Ft, Worth Shamrocks, San Antonio Flames, and Tulsa Babes. Groups also adorned the western part: Los Angeles Dandelions, California Mustangs, San Diego Lobos, and Pasadena Roses.Uofl Football Results
From 1971 to 1976, the Troopers team was convincingly invincible and first on the list. They achieved remarkable results. Despite everything, the management of the NWFL is slowly falling apart; Russel l Molzahn, the owner of the Dandelions team, decided to found a league called the Western States Women’s Professional Football League (WSWPFL). The groups involved in this league are part of the team from the southern part of the NWFL, and the new groups are Hollywood Stars, American Girls, Phoenix Cowgirls, Tucson Wild Kittens, Long Beach Queens, Cowgirls…
Both leagues had difficulties in financial problems, which was expected so that in the period from 1980 to 1998, there were no significant changes. It was only in 1998 that collaborations were launched, and everything started at a faster pace, hence the slogan that is remembered today: “Women… It Is Time That We Get A Chance At This Game!”.
In 1999, business partners Terry Sullivan and Carter Turner launched the Women’s Professional Football League (WPFL). By presenting the newly formed teams, they attracted the most talented women in the country and started something phenomenal and compelling. Their thought was, “SUCCEED WHERE OTHERS DID NOT!” Such a strong desire to make the dream of many women came true, and at that moment, it was to play on the field! It was so huge that women now come three times a year to participate in seminars and absorb knowledge. There will be no less than 700 women at these seminars, and each of them is grateful to the women who fought so that today they can sit where they sit and hear about football.Uniforms
The original Football League underwear uniforms consisted of a sports bra and underwear that were more revealing than protective. The uniforms had lace and ribbons, and the athletes all had to wear garters.
The uniforms have received much criticism for their revealing nature. In one famous article, Sarah Spain, the co-host, wrote: “After watching these women play, I can honestly say that I respect the heck of them as athletes, but I still won’t appreciate this Lingerie league or however it is called. ”
Some players have responded ambivalently or positively to the uniforms. One was quoted saying, “I just appreciate playing soccer, I don’t care what they assigned me,” and another in favor of limited clothing, saying: “It’s more comfortable than this.” Comparable surface players with experience in track and field competitions have pointed out that the typical LFL uniform is similar to other uniforms. Elizabeth Govrick of the Minnesota Valkyrie stated that “the track worked and I was wearing, you know, stuff if not close to almost less than what I’m wearing out on the soccer field. Whether you take volleyball or other sports, it’s pretty much the same. “Adrian Purnell of the Jacksonville Breeze says the suits are for marketing purposes only. Heather Furr, a quarterback for Chicago Bliss, said, “I think with the girls watching the game … if they can see beyond the uniform and see us as role models, then that’s what I want.” Abbie Sullivan of Crush Cleveland stated, “Just because we play in the LFL does not mean we promote promiscuity. We are smart women. We are athletes who take care of our bodies. We are the total package.”
Similarly, Crush Toledo player Marija Condric stated: “Everyone is entitled to their own opinion. Sit back and watch. You will forget what we are wearing, and you will be thinking about how hard that girl has been hit in the last move”.
Other players are expressed as viewing uniforms as a necessary evil, with one saying, “Maybe one day, girls won’t have to wear underwear to get people interested [in women’s soccer].” Liz Gorman, a player with the Jacksonville Breeze, stated that she prefers to wear a conventional uniform. She also indicated that the league is likely to switch to traditional uniforms in the future: “You look back at basketball, you used to wear skirts. It has changed; they have the WNBA now. So women’s sport has continuously evolved. and I think this sports league is going to end up changing the uniform. ”
Along with the league’s rebrand in 2013, the club decided to change uniforms. The association felt like the uniforms were too heavy on sex appeal, and these uniforms are traded for “performance wear.” While the US was left with the old uniforms for the 2013 season, minus the ribbons and leagues, LFL Australia’s debut season in early 2014 marked the new “performance wear” uniforms. The new uniforms resemble volleyball players’ uniforms, replacing the ribbons with the shoelaces.
The new uniforms made their debut in the US for the 2014 season. In addition to the shoelaces, the United States uniforms feature brighter and more vibrant colors for teams. The white uniforms have been mostly replaced, with the two home teams sporting what could be considered home away and color uniforms. White uniforms returned for the 2015 season, but only for specific groups.
In partnership with Sleefs, the LFL announced new uniforms with new colors for the 2016 season. Numbers and logos are now printed on the uniform rather than having been previously stitched on. Additionally, the league also announced that teams would have the option of black alternates.
The league announced that CandlenCaleb would become the new uniform supplier for the LFL beginning in the 2017 season. In the announcement, the club announced that the uniforms for the final home games from the 2017 season would include long pants instead of the regular bikini bottom for the first time in the league’s history. The new uniforms still lack the leg, hip, or chest padding, and include the existing bra and shoulder pad combo. The uniforms debuted as standard equipment at the beginning of the 2018 season. While the league, some players, and many fans were satisfied with the change, other more vocal fans and players were not, prompting the club to change the uniforms. The shorts, which look more similar to indoor volleyball shorts, are 2-3 inches longer than the original bikini bottoms. Some players have already worn athletic shorts underneath for added protection.Safety measures
Former underwear soccer player Nikki Johnson was one of many players who suffered multiple injuries. Those were injuries from hard blows, and she also had a broken wrist and had to go to surgery. Like many other players, she believes that the club gave very little protection to women, providing them with soft shoulder pads and soft helmets. Due to the lack of coverage around the torso, arms, and legs, they can sustain scratches and bruises very easily.
As part of the overhaul and rebranding, LFL and partner Rawlings changed the shoulder pads to be more protective, including a hard plastic shell to cover the shoulders. Additionally, the helmets were given more padding on the inside, intended to come out and warn the coach of a blow to the head, regardless of the players saying they are fine. It will put a system in which, if a player goes out of action with a head injury, they must pass a physical and mental test before returning.
At the beginning of the 2014 US season, Bauer unveiled new LFL helmets, designed with a more hardened outer shell and more padding than the MCP helmets used the last four years.
The shoulder pads were redesigned again for the 2014 season, with more padding given to the shoulders, and a thicker plate was given to the chest pad. They also introduced new sturdy elbow and knee pads, in addition to the new gloves designed by the Gloves champion, replacing Cutters as the official glove leagues.TeamsAll Football Scores For TodayC L Football ResultsTeamCityVenueFirst seasonAtlanta EmpireDuluth, GeorgiaInfinite Energy Arena2020Austin SoundCedar Park, TexasH-E-B CenterChicago BlitzBridgeview, IllinoisSeatGeek StadiumDenver RushDenver, ColoradoDenver ColiseumKansas City ForceIndependence, MissouriCable Dahmer ArenaLos Angeles Black StormOntario, CaliforniaToyota ArenaOmaha Red DevilsRalston, NebraskaRalston ArenaSeattle ThunderKent, WashingtonShoWare CenterFormer teamsLFL USTeamCityVenueFirst seasonLast seasonAtlanta SteamDuluth, GeorgiaInfinite Energy Arena20132019Austin AcousticCedar Park, TexasH-E-B Center20162019Baltimore CharmBaltimore, MarylandRoyal Farms Arena2010–112014Chicago BlissHoffman Estates, Illinois
Bridgeview, IllinoisSears Centre Arena
SeatGeek Stadium2009–102019Cleveland CrushCleveland, OhioQuicken Loans Arena2011–122013Dallas DesireGrand Prairie, Texas
Dallas, TexasQuikTrip Park
Cotton Bowl2009–102010–11Frisco, TexasDr Pepper Arena2016Denver DreamCommerce City, ColoradoDick’s Sporting Goods Park2009–10Loveland, ColoradoBudweiser Events Center20172019Green Bay ChillGreen Bay, Wisconsin
Milwaukee, WisconsinResch Center
U.S. Cellular Arena2011–122014Jacksonville BreezeJacksonville, FloridaJacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena20132014Las Vegas SinLas Vegas, Nevada
Ontario, CaliforniaOrleans Arena
Thomas & Mack Center
Citizens Business Bank Arena2011–122015Los Angeles TemptationLos Angeles, California
Ontario, CaliforniaLos Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena
Toyota Arena2009–102019Miami CalienteSunrise, Florida
Miami, FloridaBankAtlantic Center
FIU Stadium2009–102010–11Minnesota ValkyrieMinneapolis, MinnesotaTarget Center2011–122013Nashville KnightsNashville, TennesseeNashville Municipal Auditorium20182019New England LibertyManchester, New HampshireVerizon Wireless Arena2016New York MajestyReading, PennsylvaniaSovereign Center2009–10Omaha HeartRalston, NebraskaRalston Arena20132019Orlando FantasyOrlando, FloridaUCF Arena
Florida Citrus Bowl2010–112011–12Philadelphia PassionTrenton, New Jersey
Chester, PennsylvaniaSun National Bank Center
PPL Park2009–102013Pittsburgh RebellionPittsburgh, PennsylvaniaHighmark Stadium2017San Diego SeductionSan Diego, CaliforniaSan Diego Sports Arena2009–102010–11Seattle MistKent, WashingtonShoWare Center2009–102019Tampa BreezeTampa, FloridaTampa Bay Times Forum2009–102011–12Toledo CrushToledo, OhioHuntington Center2014Toronto TriumphToronto, OntarioRicoh Coliseum2011–12Never playedTeamCityVenueStated to debutArizona ScorchScottsdale, ArizonaSan Francisco SeductionSan Francisco, CaliforniaCow Palace2009St. Louis SaintsSt. Charles, MissouriFamily Arena2013Washington WarriorettesWashington, D.C.Capital One Arena2016LFL CanadaEast Texas Football Scores For Friday NightTeamCityVenueOperatedBC AngelsAbbotsford, British ColumbiaAbbotsford Entertainment & Sports Centre2012Regina RageRegina, SaskatchewanBrandt Centre2012Saskatoon SirensSaskatoon, SaskatchewanCredit Union Centre2012Toronto TriumphMississauga, OntarioHershey Centre2012Never playedTeamCityVenueStated to debutCalgary FilliesCalgary, AlbertaStampede Corral2013N R L Football ResultsLFL AustraliaTeamCityVenueJoinedNew South Wales SurgeSydneyCentrebet Stadium2013–14Queensland BrigadeGold CoastSkilled Park2013–14Victoria MaidensMelbourneAAMI Park2013–14Western Australia AngelsPerthnib Stadium2013–14Never playedTeamCityVenueStated to debutAdelaide ArsenalAdelaideCoopers Stadium2014–15
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2021年5月27日Register here: http://gg.gg/uqss0
Every other slot machine at Firekeepers Casino is turned off to promote social distancing on Thursday, May 28, 2020 in Battle Creek, Mich. The casino will reopen to the public on Monday with a full. FireKeepers wipes down all slots several times each day. We’re sorry if you didn’t see that, in the 45 minutes you were there, in-between cleaning times. We place the highest priority on keeping our. FireKeepers Casino Hotel is a 236,000-square-foot (21,900 m 2) casino and hotel in Emmett Charter Township, Michigan, between Battle Creek and Marshall. It is owned and operated by the Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi. Construction began May 7, 2008, and the casino opened to the general public on August 5, 2009.
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*Slots At Firekeepers Casino© Alyssa Keown | The Battle Creek Enquirer Every other slot machine at Firekeepers Casino is turned off to promote social distancing on Thursday, May 28, 2020 in Battle Creek, Mich. The casino will reopen to the public on Monday with a full series of safety measures, such as taking guest’s temperatures upon arrival.
As most of the rest of the state’s dine-in restaurants and entertainment venues wait for the state to say they can reopen, some of Michigan’s casinos are making plans to open their doors – including Battle Creek’s FireKeepers Casino Hotel.
’People will wonder why we are going against the state order. We are not, we are just applying it a little differently,’ said FireKeepers CEO Kathy George as the casino was prepping the grounds with new safety measures on Thursday, ahead of the official reopening on Monday.
’The governors of many states have said certain business are essential to their government and to make their world work for them. As you know, any tribe is a sovereign nation and have their own government,’ she said. ’Not that we hold any of those decisions against anybody, we have said we are an essential business to the tribe, the tribe needs the resources that are created through FireKeepers for the well being of the entire tribe.’
The Battle Creek casino is opening with several new safety procedures and guidelines to protect its customers and its employees. On Thursday, there were several training sessions going on. Employees had their temperatures taken as they arrived in the building and the casino floor was getting prepped for social distancing. There is a soft opening scheduled for this weekend by invitation only to test safety measures, with the general public allowed in starting at 11 a.m. Monday.
’We are always looking at how to take care of our employees and our guests,’ George said. ’So we worked with the health department, the CDC and also some other casinos that have opened up in other parts of the country and asked what worked well, what didn’t work well, what can we tweak. So we are at a point where we can keep our employees and our guests healthy and have some fun along the way.’
George added that there was an excitement level from staff and employees to be able to be one of the first venues to reopen and bring some form of normalcy back to Battle Creek.© Alyssa Keown | The Battle Creek Enquirer Firekeepers Casino implements social distancing practices on Thursday, May 28, 2020 in Battle Creek, Mich. The casino will reopen to the public on Monday with a full series of safety measures, such as taking guest’s temperatures upon arrival.
’We are really excited to be able to bring back most of the employees off of furlough and be able to get ready to service the community and keep doing what we do,’ George said. ’So the plan is, we are going to do things safely and keep everyone’s health in mind. We are ready for everyone to come in and have some fun. I think people are ready to have some fun and I think they need it.’
Bill Broderick can be reached at bbroderi@battlecreekenquirer.com or 269-966-0678. Follow him on Twitter: @billbroderick
This article originally appeared on Battle Creek Enquirer: FireKeepers CEO: Casino reopening because ’we are an essential business to the tribe’
Whilst many people decide which slot to play based on the theme, special features or promotional offers, the savvy gamblers steer towards slots with the highest RTP. The house edge of online slot machines can vary widely, and it stands to reason that the lower the house edge, the better your chances of winning. Top RTP SlotsRTPBet LimitsFree SpinsPaylinesRowsReelsJack Hammer 297.10%£0.50 – £25010-2099315Simsalabim97.50%£0.25 – £125Yes2535Retro Reels Extreme Heat97.50%£0.30 – £112.50Up to 203035Devil’s Delight97.60%£0.20 – £40Yes2035Kings of Chicago97.80%£0.05 – £50Up to 30535Starmania97.87%£0.10 – £20101035Blood Suckers98.00%£0.25 – £501025351429 Uncharted Seas98.60%£0.10 – £100255035Jackpot 600095.10 – 98.90%£1 – £2No533Mega Joker99%£1 – £5No533
Of course, you should keep in mind that only the best slot sites to win offer high payout games from which you can take advantage. The return to player percentage of a game is measured over thousands of game rounds, and it stands to reason that the higher the RTP, the better the deal for the player. With this in mind, I have decided to create a list of the 10 online slots with the highest RTP. #10 Jack Hammer 2 (NetEnt) – 97.1% RTP
Jack Hammer 2 is the first of many NetEnt slots to make this top 10 list. This entertaining slot has a crime and adventure theme, captured in a comic book style. There are an impressive 99 bet lines in this game, providing plenty of opportunities to win. It also boasts a variety of interesting features that make the game exciting to play, whilst creating chances to win. Play free vegas slots 777 slots. The Sticky Win feature sees any winning symbol combinations held in place for a free re-spin, and they continue until no new wins are created. There is also a free spin feature, where you get up to 20 free plays, where all wins are doubled and extra wilds randomly land on the reels. Jack Hammer 2 has a player-friendly RTP of 97.1%#9 Simsalabim (NetEnt) – 97.5% RTP
This magical themed slot recreates all the excitement of a magic show. The stage is set, with symbols such as a magician’s wand and top hat, a caged dove and a Houdini-style chained chest. The hypnotist is wild, helping to complete winning symbol combinations. When you play Simsalabim, keep your eyes peeled for 3 bunny rabbit symbols on the first 3 reels. These trigger the bonus game, where you pull rabbits from the hats to reveal cash prizes of up to 50500 coins. The slot also features a free spins round, which provides the potential for big wins thanks to the triple payouts. All these features combine to provide a great RTP of 97.5%.
#8 Retro Reels Extreme Heat (Microgaming) – 97.5% RTP
The RTP of 97.5% is one of the highest you will find in the Microgaming slots selection.Retro Reels Extreme Heat has an old-school feel, with symbols you’d expect to see on a classic fruit machine, including cherries, lemons, bells, bars and 7’s. At the same time as providing a retro feel, it includes many features which you’d expect from a modern video slot. There is a free spin bonus, where you can get up to 20 free plays with all wins doubled. There are also wild substitutions and scatter pays. A highlight is the innovative re-spin feature. After any spin, you can choose to spin just one reel, which allows increased chances of winning.#7 Devil’s Delight (NetEnt) – 97.6% RTP
Unleash your inner devil in this NetEnt video slot. Set against a fiery backdrop and tombstones, the 5 reels are filled with symbols from the underworld.Devil’s Delight is packed full of exciting features that provide plenty of chances to stack up the wins. The devil wild expands to cover entire reels. Whilst the free spins bonus features win multipliers of up to x5. Yet the real highlight of the game is the unique Soul Reaper bonus game. Match the correct sin to each character their soul will be added to the Soul-O-Meter whilst you reap a coin prize. When the Soul-O-Meter is filled with 15 souls, the Sin Spins feature is activated. Here, you get 10 Sin Spins where you can pocket some juicy rewards. With so many cool features and a high RTP of 97.6%, this is one hell of a slot! #6 Kings of Chicago (NetEnt) – 97.8% RTP
Kings of Chicago mixes the best elements of a video slot with classic poker. The game is played with a deck of cards, which is shuffled before each round. Unlike normal slot machines, where payouts are made for matching symbols across paylines, in this slot, you win if you have a poker hand on one of the five paylines. The game includes a joker, which substitutes for all cards. Plus, the scatter label can randomly appear on any card. Get 3 or more and free deals, the equivalent of free spins are triggered. You can bag up to 30 free deals in the special feature and all wins are doubled. This innovative slot machine provides a unique twist on what you expect from a video slot, and boasts an impressive RTP of 97.8%.#5 Starmania (NextGen) – 97.87% RTP
With colourful star symbols set against a pretty outer space background and a spacey, ethereal soundtrack, this NextGen slot is a real treat for the senses. Wilds are stacked onto the reels boosting your shot at winning combinations. There is also a free games feature, where extra stacked wilds can help create some big wins. The game features 10 paylines and wins are paid in both directions. With every line win, you also have the option to gamble your prize, for a chance to double or even quadruple your win multiple times. The great graphics, exciting features and favourable RTP of 97.87% make Starmania a real hit with players. #4 Blood Suckers (NetEnt) – 98% RTP
The vampire genre has never been more popular, and it is the inspiration for this spooky NetEnt slot. You’ll see various Blood Suckers adorning the reels, along with the weapons to fight them off. It is not merely the impressive 98% RTP that draws players to this slot, but also the rich selection of special features. There are wild substitutions, scatter pays, free spins with triple payouts and a vampire slaying bonus game. Trigger the bonus and you will find yourself in an ancient burial chamber, filled with coffins. Open the coffins to slay vampires, earning coin wins with each creature you defeat.#3 1429 Uncharted Seas (Thunderkick) – 98.6% RTP
This video slot from Thunderkick is visually stunning. The reels are replaced with a medieval style hand-drawn map and the symbols include a variety of sea creatures and beasts as well as sun, moon and star symbols. The slot includes a wild symbol which expands to cover entire reels, helping to create bigger wins. There is also a free spins bonus where you can earn up to 50 free goes. 1429 Unchartered Seas has a rewarding RTP of 98.6%, one of the highest you will find in a video slot, making it a popular choice with players.#2 Jackpot 6000 (NetEnt) – Up to 98.8% RTP
Jackpot 6000 is a thrilling classic slot machine from NetEnt with a real old-school vibe. You can play with up to 5 paylines active, betting between 1 and 10 coins per spin. It is highly recommended to play with the maximum bet of 10 coins however, as this creates the possibility of triggering Supermeter mode. In this game mode, you can win a mystery prize of between 10 – 6000 coins when just 2 joker symbols land anywhere on the reels. Also, getting 3 jokers on a payline in Supermeter mode guarantees a jackpot payout of 6000 coins. When you play Jackpot 6000 with 1 – 8 coins, the RTP is a paltry 74.9% – 79.2%. Yet with 10 coins in play, the RTP ranges from 95.1% – 98.8%. The variance is because Supermeter mode is skill based, so you can directly impact the outcome.#1 Mega Joker (NetEnt) – Up to 99% RTP
Whilst Jackpot 6000 boasts an extremely high RTP, it is just beaten to the top spot by another NetEnt classic slot; Mega Joker. Bet with just 1 coin and the RTP is an underwhelming 76.9%. Yet on the other hand, a max bet of 10 coins elevates the RTP to between 89.1% – 99%. Furthermore, it provides bigger payouts and the Supermeter mode. In Supermeter mode, you need to choose the bet level and the optimum level at which to collect your winnings. It is this element of skill which can increase the RTP. The skill component, retro style and engaging gameplay make Mega Joker a firm favourite with players. Frequently Asked Questions
Because our goal is to keep you well informed we have put together a list of the most frequently asked questions and our team of experts has provided the answers below.
Every other slot machine at Firekeepers Casino is turned off to promote social distancing on Thursday, May 28, 2020 in Battle Creek, Mich. The casino will reopen to the public on Monday with a full. FireKeepers wipes down all slots several times each day. We’re sorry if you didn’t see that, in the 45 minutes you were there, in-between cleaning times. We place the highest priority on keeping our. FireKeepers Casino Hotel is a 236,000-square-foot (21,900 m 2) casino and hotel in Emmett Charter Township, Michigan, between Battle Creek and Marshall. It is owned and operated by the Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi. Construction began May 7, 2008, and the casino opened to the general public on August 5, 2009.
*Best Slots At Firekeepers Casino
*Best Slots At Firekeepers Casino
*Slots At Firekeepers Casino© Alyssa Keown | The Battle Creek Enquirer Every other slot machine at Firekeepers Casino is turned off to promote social distancing on Thursday, May 28, 2020 in Battle Creek, Mich. The casino will reopen to the public on Monday with a full series of safety measures, such as taking guest’s temperatures upon arrival.
As most of the rest of the state’s dine-in restaurants and entertainment venues wait for the state to say they can reopen, some of Michigan’s casinos are making plans to open their doors – including Battle Creek’s FireKeepers Casino Hotel.
’People will wonder why we are going against the state order. We are not, we are just applying it a little differently,’ said FireKeepers CEO Kathy George as the casino was prepping the grounds with new safety measures on Thursday, ahead of the official reopening on Monday.
’The governors of many states have said certain business are essential to their government and to make their world work for them. As you know, any tribe is a sovereign nation and have their own government,’ she said. ’Not that we hold any of those decisions against anybody, we have said we are an essential business to the tribe, the tribe needs the resources that are created through FireKeepers for the well being of the entire tribe.’
The Battle Creek casino is opening with several new safety procedures and guidelines to protect its customers and its employees. On Thursday, there were several training sessions going on. Employees had their temperatures taken as they arrived in the building and the casino floor was getting prepped for social distancing. There is a soft opening scheduled for this weekend by invitation only to test safety measures, with the general public allowed in starting at 11 a.m. Monday.
’We are always looking at how to take care of our employees and our guests,’ George said. ’So we worked with the health department, the CDC and also some other casinos that have opened up in other parts of the country and asked what worked well, what didn’t work well, what can we tweak. So we are at a point where we can keep our employees and our guests healthy and have some fun along the way.’
George added that there was an excitement level from staff and employees to be able to be one of the first venues to reopen and bring some form of normalcy back to Battle Creek.© Alyssa Keown | The Battle Creek Enquirer Firekeepers Casino implements social distancing practices on Thursday, May 28, 2020 in Battle Creek, Mich. The casino will reopen to the public on Monday with a full series of safety measures, such as taking guest’s temperatures upon arrival.
’We are really excited to be able to bring back most of the employees off of furlough and be able to get ready to service the community and keep doing what we do,’ George said. ’So the plan is, we are going to do things safely and keep everyone’s health in mind. We are ready for everyone to come in and have some fun. I think people are ready to have some fun and I think they need it.’
Bill Broderick can be reached at bbroderi@battlecreekenquirer.com or 269-966-0678. Follow him on Twitter: @billbroderick
This article originally appeared on Battle Creek Enquirer: FireKeepers CEO: Casino reopening because ’we are an essential business to the tribe’
Whilst many people decide which slot to play based on the theme, special features or promotional offers, the savvy gamblers steer towards slots with the highest RTP. The house edge of online slot machines can vary widely, and it stands to reason that the lower the house edge, the better your chances of winning. Top RTP SlotsRTPBet LimitsFree SpinsPaylinesRowsReelsJack Hammer 297.10%£0.50 – £25010-2099315Simsalabim97.50%£0.25 – £125Yes2535Retro Reels Extreme Heat97.50%£0.30 – £112.50Up to 203035Devil’s Delight97.60%£0.20 – £40Yes2035Kings of Chicago97.80%£0.05 – £50Up to 30535Starmania97.87%£0.10 – £20101035Blood Suckers98.00%£0.25 – £501025351429 Uncharted Seas98.60%£0.10 – £100255035Jackpot 600095.10 – 98.90%£1 – £2No533Mega Joker99%£1 – £5No533
Of course, you should keep in mind that only the best slot sites to win offer high payout games from which you can take advantage. The return to player percentage of a game is measured over thousands of game rounds, and it stands to reason that the higher the RTP, the better the deal for the player. With this in mind, I have decided to create a list of the 10 online slots with the highest RTP. #10 Jack Hammer 2 (NetEnt) – 97.1% RTP
Jack Hammer 2 is the first of many NetEnt slots to make this top 10 list. This entertaining slot has a crime and adventure theme, captured in a comic book style. There are an impressive 99 bet lines in this game, providing plenty of opportunities to win. It also boasts a variety of interesting features that make the game exciting to play, whilst creating chances to win. Play free vegas slots 777 slots. The Sticky Win feature sees any winning symbol combinations held in place for a free re-spin, and they continue until no new wins are created. There is also a free spin feature, where you get up to 20 free plays, where all wins are doubled and extra wilds randomly land on the reels. Jack Hammer 2 has a player-friendly RTP of 97.1%#9 Simsalabim (NetEnt) – 97.5% RTP
This magical themed slot recreates all the excitement of a magic show. The stage is set, with symbols such as a magician’s wand and top hat, a caged dove and a Houdini-style chained chest. The hypnotist is wild, helping to complete winning symbol combinations. When you play Simsalabim, keep your eyes peeled for 3 bunny rabbit symbols on the first 3 reels. These trigger the bonus game, where you pull rabbits from the hats to reveal cash prizes of up to 50500 coins. The slot also features a free spins round, which provides the potential for big wins thanks to the triple payouts. All these features combine to provide a great RTP of 97.5%.
#8 Retro Reels Extreme Heat (Microgaming) – 97.5% RTP
The RTP of 97.5% is one of the highest you will find in the Microgaming slots selection.Retro Reels Extreme Heat has an old-school feel, with symbols you’d expect to see on a classic fruit machine, including cherries, lemons, bells, bars and 7’s. At the same time as providing a retro feel, it includes many features which you’d expect from a modern video slot. There is a free spin bonus, where you can get up to 20 free plays with all wins doubled. There are also wild substitutions and scatter pays. A highlight is the innovative re-spin feature. After any spin, you can choose to spin just one reel, which allows increased chances of winning.#7 Devil’s Delight (NetEnt) – 97.6% RTP
Unleash your inner devil in this NetEnt video slot. Set against a fiery backdrop and tombstones, the 5 reels are filled with symbols from the underworld.Devil’s Delight is packed full of exciting features that provide plenty of chances to stack up the wins. The devil wild expands to cover entire reels. Whilst the free spins bonus features win multipliers of up to x5. Yet the real highlight of the game is the unique Soul Reaper bonus game. Match the correct sin to each character their soul will be added to the Soul-O-Meter whilst you reap a coin prize. When the Soul-O-Meter is filled with 15 souls, the Sin Spins feature is activated. Here, you get 10 Sin Spins where you can pocket some juicy rewards. With so many cool features and a high RTP of 97.6%, this is one hell of a slot! #6 Kings of Chicago (NetEnt) – 97.8% RTP
Kings of Chicago mixes the best elements of a video slot with classic poker. The game is played with a deck of cards, which is shuffled before each round. Unlike normal slot machines, where payouts are made for matching symbols across paylines, in this slot, you win if you have a poker hand on one of the five paylines. The game includes a joker, which substitutes for all cards. Plus, the scatter label can randomly appear on any card. Get 3 or more and free deals, the equivalent of free spins are triggered. You can bag up to 30 free deals in the special feature and all wins are doubled. This innovative slot machine provides a unique twist on what you expect from a video slot, and boasts an impressive RTP of 97.8%.#5 Starmania (NextGen) – 97.87% RTP
With colourful star symbols set against a pretty outer space background and a spacey, ethereal soundtrack, this NextGen slot is a real treat for the senses. Wilds are stacked onto the reels boosting your shot at winning combinations. There is also a free games feature, where extra stacked wilds can help create some big wins. The game features 10 paylines and wins are paid in both directions. With every line win, you also have the option to gamble your prize, for a chance to double or even quadruple your win multiple times. The great graphics, exciting features and favourable RTP of 97.87% make Starmania a real hit with players. #4 Blood Suckers (NetEnt) – 98% RTP
The vampire genre has never been more popular, and it is the inspiration for this spooky NetEnt slot. You’ll see various Blood Suckers adorning the reels, along with the weapons to fight them off. It is not merely the impressive 98% RTP that draws players to this slot, but also the rich selection of special features. There are wild substitutions, scatter pays, free spins with triple payouts and a vampire slaying bonus game. Trigger the bonus and you will find yourself in an ancient burial chamber, filled with coffins. Open the coffins to slay vampires, earning coin wins with each creature you defeat.#3 1429 Uncharted Seas (Thunderkick) – 98.6% RTP
This video slot from Thunderkick is visually stunning. The reels are replaced with a medieval style hand-drawn map and the symbols include a variety of sea creatures and beasts as well as sun, moon and star symbols. The slot includes a wild symbol which expands to cover entire reels, helping to create bigger wins. There is also a free spins bonus where you can earn up to 50 free goes. 1429 Unchartered Seas has a rewarding RTP of 98.6%, one of the highest you will find in a video slot, making it a popular choice with players.#2 Jackpot 6000 (NetEnt) – Up to 98.8% RTP
Jackpot 6000 is a thrilling classic slot machine from NetEnt with a real old-school vibe. You can play with up to 5 paylines active, betting between 1 and 10 coins per spin. It is highly recommended to play with the maximum bet of 10 coins however, as this creates the possibility of triggering Supermeter mode. In this game mode, you can win a mystery prize of between 10 – 6000 coins when just 2 joker symbols land anywhere on the reels. Also, getting 3 jokers on a payline in Supermeter mode guarantees a jackpot payout of 6000 coins. When you play Jackpot 6000 with 1 – 8 coins, the RTP is a paltry 74.9% – 79.2%. Yet with 10 coins in play, the RTP ranges from 95.1% – 98.8%. The variance is because Supermeter mode is skill based, so you can directly impact the outcome.#1 Mega Joker (NetEnt) – Up to 99% RTP
Whilst Jackpot 6000 boasts an extremely high RTP, it is just beaten to the top spot by another NetEnt classic slot; Mega Joker. Bet with just 1 coin and the RTP is an underwhelming 76.9%. Yet on the other hand, a max bet of 10 coins elevates the RTP to between 89.1% – 99%. Furthermore, it provides bigger payouts and the Supermeter mode. In Supermeter mode, you need to choose the bet level and the optimum level at which to collect your winnings. It is this element of skill which can increase the RTP. The skill component, retro style and engaging gameplay make Mega Joker a firm favourite with players. Frequently Asked Questions
Because our goal is to keep you well informed we have put together a list of the most frequently asked questions and our team of experts has provided the answers below.
Occasion Gabriel
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Book now at Special Occasions restaurants near San Gabriel Valley on OpenTable. Explore reviews, menus & photos and find the perfect spot for any occasion. Gabriel Bebeșelea kicks off his tenure as Principal Conductor of the “George Enescu” Philharmonic with a concert on the 21. For this special occasion, he is joined on stage by the young virtuoso Daniel Ciobanu, who will perform Mozart’s Piano Concerto No. When Gabriel received the Top Engineering Student award at the department’s annual award ceremony, he gave a speech thanking the department for according him this honor. According to your textbook, what kind of special-occasion speech did Gabriel give? Inspirational speech b. Speech of introduction c. Commemorative speech. d. 1150 vehicles at Occasion Gabriel. 2017 Acura ILX.Technology Plus Package.+ACURA CERTIFIES+. Mileage: 70,769 Km. Body Style: SEDAN 4 Doors.
Muhammad’s first revelation was an event described in Islamic tradition as taking place in 610 AD, during which the Islamic prophet, Muhammad was visited by the angel Jibrīl, known as Gabriel in English, who revealed to him the beginnings of what would later become the Qur’an. The event took place in a cave called Hira, located on the mountain Jabal an-Nour, near Mecca.[1] According to Mubarakpuri, the exact date of this event was Monday, the 21st of Ramadan just before sunrise, i.e. August 10, 610 C.E. – when Muhammad was 40 lunar years, 6 months and 12 days of age, i.e. 39 solar years, 3 months and 22 days.[2]Date of the revelation[edit]The state of the calendar at the time of the first revelation[edit]
Muhammad was born 55 days after the incident of the elephant, which occurred in the middle of Muharram 570 - i.e. his birth date was Monday, 12 Rabi’I in that year. All these military campaigns occurred around the turn of the year, when conditions were propitious for fighting. Additionally, trade, and gatherings associated therewith, was largely seasonally based. To stop the calendar months (which are a little shorter than ours) from rotating through the seasons, intercalation was employed. This involved the occasional insertion of an extra month (announced at the pilgrimage), ideally seven times in nineteen years. Intercalation was said to have been introduced in AD 412, and it was borrowed from the Jews. The Jewish official controlling the practice was known as Nasīʾ.[3]
When the Arabs adopted the procedure they used this word nasīʾ to denote the whole system. It was operated similarly to the way the Jews operated it - the beginning of the year (Muharram) was tied to the spring season.[4]Identifying the date of the first revelation[edit]
We can establish the day of the Islamic month (but not the month itself) corresponding to a given Julian date by projecting the fixed (i.e. non-intercalated) calendar backwards. When we do, we find that 6 August 610 corresponds to 11 Ramadan and 10 August to 15 Ramadan. The first revelation is not looked for earlier than the last ten nights of the month. The equivalence of 40 lunar years, 6 months and 12 days to 39 Gregorian calendar years, 3 months and 22 days is also incorrect. 39 Julian calendar years, 3 months and 22 days takes us back from 10 August 610 to 19 April 571, a Sunday night in Rabi’I according to the fixed calendar proposed as Muhammad’s date of birth by scholar Muhammad Sulaiman Al-Mansurpuri and astronomer Mahmud Pasha. This is 14,358 days. Taking the average length of an Islamic month as 29.53059 days, this equates to 486.21 months, which in the fixed calendar is 40 years, 6 months and 6 days. The 6 months and 12 days interval referred to above, on the other hand, is authentic and independent of this calculation. It is unaffected by whether or not the year is intercalated. It is the interval between the date of Muhammad’s birth (after sunset on 11 Rabi’I) and the Shia date of first revelation (23 Ramadan). As further proof of its correctness, Muhammad died four days after his birthday, on 14 Rabi’I AH 11 (Monday, 8 June 632).Converting the Islamic date to Julian[edit]
Given the day of the week, the date and the year any Muslim date in the intercalated calendar may be converted to Julian by utilising the known relationship between the intercalated calendar and the seasons. Under intercalation 12 Rabi’I (Muhammad’s birth date) might fall in May or June. The exact date is Monday, 2 June 570. Under intercalation 23 Ramadan (the date of first revelation) might fall in November or December. The exact date is the night of Sunday to Monday, 13 to 14 December 610.Summary[edit]
According to biographies of Muhammad, while on retreat in a mountain cave near Mecca (the cave of Hira), Gabriel appears before him and commands him to “Read!”. He responded, “But I cannot read!”. Then the angel Gabriel embraced him tightly and then revealed to him the first lines of chapter 96 of the Qur’an, “Read: In the name of your Lord Who created, (1) Created man from a clot. (2) Read: And your Lord is the Most Generous, (3) Who taught by the pen, (4) Taught man that which he knew not.” (Bukhari 4953).Before the revelation[edit]
Muhammad was born and raised in Mecca. When he was nearly 40, he used to spend many hours alone in prayer and speculating over the aspects of creation.[5][page needed] He was concerned with the ’ignorance of divine guidance’ (Jahiliyyah), social unrest, injustice, widespread discrimination (particularly against women), fighting among tribes and abuse of tribal authorities prevalent in pre-Islamic Arabia.[6] The moral degeneration of his fellow people, and his own quest for a true religion further lent fuel to this, with the result that he now began to withdraw periodically to a cave named Mount Hira, three miles north of Mecca, for contemplation and reflection.[7] Islamic tradition holds that Muhammad during this period began to have dreams replete with spiritual significance which were fulfilled according to their true import; and this was the commencement of his divine revelation.[5][page needed]The first revelation[edit]The entrance to the Hira cave.
According to Sunni tradition, during one such occasion while he was in contemplation, the angel Gabriel appeared before him in the year AD 610 and said, ’Read’, upon which he replied, ’I am unable to read’. Thereupon the angel caught hold of him and embraced him heavily. This happened two more times after which the angel commanded Muhammad to recite the following verses:[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]’Read! in the name of your Lord who createdMan from a clinging substance.Read: Your Lord is most Generous,–He who taught by the pen–Taught man that which he knew not.’[Quran96:1–5][citation needed]After the revelation[edit]
Perplexed by this new experience, Muhammad made his way to home where he was consoled by his wife Khadijah, who also took him to her Ebionite cousin Waraqah ibn Nawfal. Waraqah was a Christian. Islamic tradition holds that Waraqah, upon hearing the description, testified to Muhammad’s prophethood,[5][page needed][15] and convinced Muhammad that the revelation was from God.[16] Waraqah said: ’O my nephew! What did you see?’ When Muhammad told him what had happened to him, Waraqah replied: ’This is Namus (meaning Gabriel) that Allah sent to Moses. I wish I were younger. I wish I could live up to the time when your people would turn you out.’ Muhammad asked: ’Will they drive me out?’ Waraqah answered in the affirmative and said: ’Anyone who came with something similar to what you have brought was treated with hostility; and if I should be alive until that day, then I would support you strongly.’ A few days later Waraqah died.[17]
5 plots in order. Exposition: Beginning of the Story. The exposition is the beginning of the story and prepares the. Progressive plot This is a chronological structure which first establishes the setting and conflict, then follows the rising action through to a climax (the peak of the action and turning point), and concludes with a denouement. All plots follow a logical organization with a beginning, middle, and end—but there’s a lot more to the basic plot structure than just this. Generally speaking, every plot has these five elements in this order: Exposition/introduction; Rising action; Climax/turning point; Falling action; Resolution/denouement #1: Exposition/Introduction.
The initial revelation was followed by a pause and a second encounter with Gabriel when Muhammad heard a voice from the sky and saw the same angel ’sitting between the sky and the earth’ and the revelations resumed with the first verses of chapter 74.
At-Tabari and Ibn Hisham reported that Muhammad left the cave of Hira after being surprised by the revelation, but later on, returned to the cave and continued his solitude, though subsequently he returned to Mecca. Tabari and Ibn Ishaq write that Muhammad told Zubayr:[17]’when I was midway on the mountain, I heard a voice from heaven saying ’O Muhammad! you are the apostle of Allah and I am Gabriel.’ I raised my head towards heaven to see who was speaking, and Gabriel in the form of a man with feet astride the horizon, saying, ’O Muhammad! you are the apostle of Allah and I am Gabriel.’ I stood gazing at him moving neither forward nor backward, then I began to turn my face away from him, but towards whatever region of the sky I looked, I saw him as before.’
Biographers disagree about the period of time between Muhammad’s first and second experiences of revelation. Ibn Ishaq writes that three years elapsed from the time that Muhammad received the first revelation until he started to preach publicly. Bukhari takes chapter 74 as the second revelation however chapter 68 has strong claims to be the second revelation.[18]Gabriel Occasion CremazieReferences[edit]
*^Weir, T.H.; Watt, W. Montgomery (2012-04-24). ’Ḥirāʾ’. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill Online. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
*^Mubārakpūrī, Ṣafī R. (1998). When the Moon Split (A Biography of the Prophet Muhammad). Riyadh: Darussalam. p. 32.
*^Bab. Talmud, Sanhedrin, p. 11a: ’the intercalation of the year may only be done with the approval of the nasī.’
*^Peters, F E (1994). Muhammad and the origins of Islam. New York. p. 252. ISBN0-7914-1875-8. The Hajj fell on March 10, in the intercalated year 632 A.D., the vernal equinox in the Julian calendar then in use, and if the traditionalists were correct, in that year it coincided with the Passover and Easter tides. With intercalation, which annually tied the Hajj to the spring season, that must not have been a rare occurrence, but Muhammad’s abolition of the practice ensured that that coincidence would not soon happen again: henceforward the Hajj would occur according to the lunar cycle and thus annually retrogress, along with all other Muslim festivals, eleven days against the solar calendar. Note that, having ordered intercalations in 630 and 631 (proved by reports of the interval between the birth and death of Ibrahim and a solar eclipse on the morning of his death) the Nasīʾ did not order another one in 632 - Muhammad took advantage of the hiatus by stripping them of their power. At that time the vernal equinox was occurring about 19 March.
*^ abcShibli Nomani. Sirat-un-Nabi. Vol 1 Lahore
*^Husayn Haykal, Muhammad (2008). The Life of Muhammad. Selangor: Islamic Book Trust. pp. 79–80. ISBN978-983-9154-17-7.
*^Bogle, Emory C. (1998). Islam: Origin and Belief. Texas University Press. p. 6. ISBN0-292-70862-9.
*^Muhammad Mustafa Al-A’zami (2003), The History of The Qur’anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments, pp. 25, 47–8. UK Islamic Academy. ISBN978-1872531656.
*^Brown (2003), pp. 72–3.
*^Sell (1913), p. 29.
*^Bukhari volume 1, book 1, number 3
*^Sahih al-Bukhari 3392; In-book reference: Book 60, Hadith 66l USC-MSA web (English) reference: Vol. 4, Book 55, Hadith 605.
*^Sahih Muslim 160 a; In-book reference: Book 1, Hadith 310; USC-MSA web (English) reference: Book 1, Hadith 301.
*^Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah, p. 106.
*^Sell (1913), p. 30.
*^Juan E. Campo (2009). ’Muhammad’. Encyclopedia of Islam. New York. p. 492. ISBN978-0-8160-5454-1.
*^ ab
*Translated by Alfred Guillaume (1967). The life of Muhammad (sira of ibn ishaq). Oxford University Press. ISBN0196360331.
*At-Tabari 2/207
*^Bennett, Clinton (1998). In Search of Muhammad. Cassell. pp. 41. ISBN0826435769.Bonheur D’occasion Gabrielle RoyRetrieved from ’https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad%27s_first_revelation&oldid=1001178870’
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Muhammad’s first revelation was an event described in Islamic tradition as taking place in 610 AD, during which the Islamic prophet, Muhammad was visited by the angel Jibrīl, known as Gabriel in English, who revealed to him the beginnings of what would later become the Qur’an. The event took place in a cave called Hira, located on the mountain Jabal an-Nour, near Mecca.[1] According to Mubarakpuri, the exact date of this event was Monday, the 21st of Ramadan just before sunrise, i.e. August 10, 610 C.E. – when Muhammad was 40 lunar years, 6 months and 12 days of age, i.e. 39 solar years, 3 months and 22 days.[2]Date of the revelation[edit]The state of the calendar at the time of the first revelation[edit]
Muhammad was born 55 days after the incident of the elephant, which occurred in the middle of Muharram 570 - i.e. his birth date was Monday, 12 Rabi’I in that year. All these military campaigns occurred around the turn of the year, when conditions were propitious for fighting. Additionally, trade, and gatherings associated therewith, was largely seasonally based. To stop the calendar months (which are a little shorter than ours) from rotating through the seasons, intercalation was employed. This involved the occasional insertion of an extra month (announced at the pilgrimage), ideally seven times in nineteen years. Intercalation was said to have been introduced in AD 412, and it was borrowed from the Jews. The Jewish official controlling the practice was known as Nasīʾ.[3]
When the Arabs adopted the procedure they used this word nasīʾ to denote the whole system. It was operated similarly to the way the Jews operated it - the beginning of the year (Muharram) was tied to the spring season.[4]Identifying the date of the first revelation[edit]
We can establish the day of the Islamic month (but not the month itself) corresponding to a given Julian date by projecting the fixed (i.e. non-intercalated) calendar backwards. When we do, we find that 6 August 610 corresponds to 11 Ramadan and 10 August to 15 Ramadan. The first revelation is not looked for earlier than the last ten nights of the month. The equivalence of 40 lunar years, 6 months and 12 days to 39 Gregorian calendar years, 3 months and 22 days is also incorrect. 39 Julian calendar years, 3 months and 22 days takes us back from 10 August 610 to 19 April 571, a Sunday night in Rabi’I according to the fixed calendar proposed as Muhammad’s date of birth by scholar Muhammad Sulaiman Al-Mansurpuri and astronomer Mahmud Pasha. This is 14,358 days. Taking the average length of an Islamic month as 29.53059 days, this equates to 486.21 months, which in the fixed calendar is 40 years, 6 months and 6 days. The 6 months and 12 days interval referred to above, on the other hand, is authentic and independent of this calculation. It is unaffected by whether or not the year is intercalated. It is the interval between the date of Muhammad’s birth (after sunset on 11 Rabi’I) and the Shia date of first revelation (23 Ramadan). As further proof of its correctness, Muhammad died four days after his birthday, on 14 Rabi’I AH 11 (Monday, 8 June 632).Converting the Islamic date to Julian[edit]
Given the day of the week, the date and the year any Muslim date in the intercalated calendar may be converted to Julian by utilising the known relationship between the intercalated calendar and the seasons. Under intercalation 12 Rabi’I (Muhammad’s birth date) might fall in May or June. The exact date is Monday, 2 June 570. Under intercalation 23 Ramadan (the date of first revelation) might fall in November or December. The exact date is the night of Sunday to Monday, 13 to 14 December 610.Summary[edit]
According to biographies of Muhammad, while on retreat in a mountain cave near Mecca (the cave of Hira), Gabriel appears before him and commands him to “Read!”. He responded, “But I cannot read!”. Then the angel Gabriel embraced him tightly and then revealed to him the first lines of chapter 96 of the Qur’an, “Read: In the name of your Lord Who created, (1) Created man from a clot. (2) Read: And your Lord is the Most Generous, (3) Who taught by the pen, (4) Taught man that which he knew not.” (Bukhari 4953).Before the revelation[edit]
Muhammad was born and raised in Mecca. When he was nearly 40, he used to spend many hours alone in prayer and speculating over the aspects of creation.[5][page needed] He was concerned with the ’ignorance of divine guidance’ (Jahiliyyah), social unrest, injustice, widespread discrimination (particularly against women), fighting among tribes and abuse of tribal authorities prevalent in pre-Islamic Arabia.[6] The moral degeneration of his fellow people, and his own quest for a true religion further lent fuel to this, with the result that he now began to withdraw periodically to a cave named Mount Hira, three miles north of Mecca, for contemplation and reflection.[7] Islamic tradition holds that Muhammad during this period began to have dreams replete with spiritual significance which were fulfilled according to their true import; and this was the commencement of his divine revelation.[5][page needed]The first revelation[edit]The entrance to the Hira cave.
According to Sunni tradition, during one such occasion while he was in contemplation, the angel Gabriel appeared before him in the year AD 610 and said, ’Read’, upon which he replied, ’I am unable to read’. Thereupon the angel caught hold of him and embraced him heavily. This happened two more times after which the angel commanded Muhammad to recite the following verses:[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]’Read! in the name of your Lord who createdMan from a clinging substance.Read: Your Lord is most Generous,–He who taught by the pen–Taught man that which he knew not.’[Quran96:1–5][citation needed]After the revelation[edit]
Perplexed by this new experience, Muhammad made his way to home where he was consoled by his wife Khadijah, who also took him to her Ebionite cousin Waraqah ibn Nawfal. Waraqah was a Christian. Islamic tradition holds that Waraqah, upon hearing the description, testified to Muhammad’s prophethood,[5][page needed][15] and convinced Muhammad that the revelation was from God.[16] Waraqah said: ’O my nephew! What did you see?’ When Muhammad told him what had happened to him, Waraqah replied: ’This is Namus (meaning Gabriel) that Allah sent to Moses. I wish I were younger. I wish I could live up to the time when your people would turn you out.’ Muhammad asked: ’Will they drive me out?’ Waraqah answered in the affirmative and said: ’Anyone who came with something similar to what you have brought was treated with hostility; and if I should be alive until that day, then I would support you strongly.’ A few days later Waraqah died.[17]
5 plots in order. Exposition: Beginning of the Story. The exposition is the beginning of the story and prepares the. Progressive plot This is a chronological structure which first establishes the setting and conflict, then follows the rising action through to a climax (the peak of the action and turning point), and concludes with a denouement. All plots follow a logical organization with a beginning, middle, and end—but there’s a lot more to the basic plot structure than just this. Generally speaking, every plot has these five elements in this order: Exposition/introduction; Rising action; Climax/turning point; Falling action; Resolution/denouement #1: Exposition/Introduction.
The initial revelation was followed by a pause and a second encounter with Gabriel when Muhammad heard a voice from the sky and saw the same angel ’sitting between the sky and the earth’ and the revelations resumed with the first verses of chapter 74.
At-Tabari and Ibn Hisham reported that Muhammad left the cave of Hira after being surprised by the revelation, but later on, returned to the cave and continued his solitude, though subsequently he returned to Mecca. Tabari and Ibn Ishaq write that Muhammad told Zubayr:[17]’when I was midway on the mountain, I heard a voice from heaven saying ’O Muhammad! you are the apostle of Allah and I am Gabriel.’ I raised my head towards heaven to see who was speaking, and Gabriel in the form of a man with feet astride the horizon, saying, ’O Muhammad! you are the apostle of Allah and I am Gabriel.’ I stood gazing at him moving neither forward nor backward, then I began to turn my face away from him, but towards whatever region of the sky I looked, I saw him as before.’
Biographers disagree about the period of time between Muhammad’s first and second experiences of revelation. Ibn Ishaq writes that three years elapsed from the time that Muhammad received the first revelation until he started to preach publicly. Bukhari takes chapter 74 as the second revelation however chapter 68 has strong claims to be the second revelation.[18]Gabriel Occasion CremazieReferences[edit]
*^Weir, T.H.; Watt, W. Montgomery (2012-04-24). ’Ḥirāʾ’. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill Online. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
*^Mubārakpūrī, Ṣafī R. (1998). When the Moon Split (A Biography of the Prophet Muhammad). Riyadh: Darussalam. p. 32.
*^Bab. Talmud, Sanhedrin, p. 11a: ’the intercalation of the year may only be done with the approval of the nasī.’
*^Peters, F E (1994). Muhammad and the origins of Islam. New York. p. 252. ISBN0-7914-1875-8. The Hajj fell on March 10, in the intercalated year 632 A.D., the vernal equinox in the Julian calendar then in use, and if the traditionalists were correct, in that year it coincided with the Passover and Easter tides. With intercalation, which annually tied the Hajj to the spring season, that must not have been a rare occurrence, but Muhammad’s abolition of the practice ensured that that coincidence would not soon happen again: henceforward the Hajj would occur according to the lunar cycle and thus annually retrogress, along with all other Muslim festivals, eleven days against the solar calendar. Note that, having ordered intercalations in 630 and 631 (proved by reports of the interval between the birth and death of Ibrahim and a solar eclipse on the morning of his death) the Nasīʾ did not order another one in 632 - Muhammad took advantage of the hiatus by stripping them of their power. At that time the vernal equinox was occurring about 19 March.
*^ abcShibli Nomani. Sirat-un-Nabi. Vol 1 Lahore
*^Husayn Haykal, Muhammad (2008). The Life of Muhammad. Selangor: Islamic Book Trust. pp. 79–80. ISBN978-983-9154-17-7.
*^Bogle, Emory C. (1998). Islam: Origin and Belief. Texas University Press. p. 6. ISBN0-292-70862-9.
*^Muhammad Mustafa Al-A’zami (2003), The History of The Qur’anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments, pp. 25, 47–8. UK Islamic Academy. ISBN978-1872531656.
*^Brown (2003), pp. 72–3.
*^Sell (1913), p. 29.
*^Bukhari volume 1, book 1, number 3
*^Sahih al-Bukhari 3392; In-book reference: Book 60, Hadith 66l USC-MSA web (English) reference: Vol. 4, Book 55, Hadith 605.
*^Sahih Muslim 160 a; In-book reference: Book 1, Hadith 310; USC-MSA web (English) reference: Book 1, Hadith 301.
*^Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah, p. 106.
*^Sell (1913), p. 30.
*^Juan E. Campo (2009). ’Muhammad’. Encyclopedia of Islam. New York. p. 492. ISBN978-0-8160-5454-1.
*^ ab
*Translated by Alfred Guillaume (1967). The life of Muhammad (sira of ibn ishaq). Oxford University Press. ISBN0196360331.
*At-Tabari 2/207
*^Bennett, Clinton (1998). In Search of Muhammad. Cassell. pp. 41. ISBN0826435769.Bonheur D’occasion Gabrielle RoyRetrieved from ’https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad%27s_first_revelation&oldid=1001178870’
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Understanding drone motor and propeller direction, along with design show us how a quadcopter works.
Magnar there is a reason why serious drones like the DJI Matrice 600 has 6 rotors. They won’t fall out of the sky when one of the rotors quit. With just 4 rotos and when one fails they become unsteerable and will crash. A Matrice 600 can fly on 5 rotors. WonderTech Zenith 2.4GHz 6-Axis Gyro 6 Rotor Hexacopter Drone with HD FPV Real Time Live Video Feed Camera, White: Age Range: 14 years and up; LED lights light up the night; Built-in 0.3MP FPV real time live video feed video/picture camera. Pyro-Drone (6) Rotor Riot (2) Team BlackSheep (1) XILO (14) × 6’+ Quadcopter Frames for FPV and Racing Drones. Frames for 6’ and larger quadcopters. 6’+ Quadcopter Frames for FPV and Racing Drones. Frames for 6’ and larger quadcopters.
Quadcopters today, are very easy to fly in any direction. They can also hover in place super smoothly. The engineering and design is different to an airplane or helicopter for flying.
In this post we look at how a quadcopter flies, the required motor direction, configuration, setup, propeller design along with quadcopter motor thrust and calculations required.
There are also some excellent videos and links to very interesting relevant articles for further reading on how a quadcopter flies.How A Quadcopter Works
So how does a quadcopter hover or fly in any direction, lift or descend at a moments touch on the remote controller stick. Drones can also fly autonomously through programmed waypoint navigation software and fly in any direction going from point to point. So let’s look at the quadcopter technology, which makes this possible.
It is the propeller direction along with the drone’s motor rotation and speed, which make it’s flight and maneuverability possible.
The quadcopter’s flight controller sends information to the motors via their electronic speed control circuits (ESC) information on thrust, RPM, (Revolutions Per Minute) and direction. The flight controller will also combine IMU, Gyro and GPS data before signalling to the quadcopter motors on thrust and rotor speed.
While the drone and quadcopter technology of today is all modern, they still use the old principles of aircraft flight, gravity, action and reaction pairs.
In the manufacture of quadcopters, propellers and motor design, the 4 forces which affect all flight (weight, lift, thrust and drag) are also important considerations.
Mathematics is also used to calculate quadcopter motor thrust while aircraft aerodynamics is used for propeller design and the movement of air above, below and around the quadcopter.Importance Of How A Quadcopter Works And Flies
With a small bit of experience, flying a quadcopter becomes automatic. You move the sticks on the Remote Controller Ground Station which send the quadcopter in whichever direction you want it to fly. We don’t need to think about what the motors or propellers are doing.
Now supposing your quadcopter wasn’t flying correctly. Maybe it is pulling in one direction or not hovering smoothly. Well, understanding how a quadcopter works and flies will help you locate the issue with a motor or propeller, especially if a visual inspection does not show a fault.
When you understand quadcopter propeller design and motor thrust, you can make changes to your quadcopter such as removing the camera and installing another payload such as a Time-of-Flight or a Lidar sensor.
Flying with a different payload will have an effect on the control, flight and balance of the drone. A different payload will then require different quadcopter motor thrust.
If you are building your own or designing quadcopters, then understanding motor and propeller design is essential information. You need the correct quadcopter motor configuration, matching propellers, electronic speed control circuits along with IMU and GPS together with matching the correct body.
If you want to understand more about all the other components which make up our normal drone, then read this terrific article on all types of drone technology.
Ok, let us now look at how a drone flies and specifically the quadcopter propeller and motor direction and design.Quadcopter Motor And Propeller Direction ExplainedHow A Quadcopter Flies
Basically, the movement on the remote control sticks, sends signals to the central flight controller. This central flight controller sends this information to the Electronic Speed Controllers (ESCs) of each motor, which in turn directs its motors to increase or decrease speed.
Remote Control Stick Movement → Central Flight Controller → Electronic Speed Control Circuits (ESCs) → Motors and Propellers → Quadcopter Movement or Hover.Central Flight Controller
Now the central flight controller also takes information from IMU, Gyroscope, GPS modules and obstacle detection sensors if on the quadcopter. It makes computation calculations using programmed flight parameters and algorithms, then sends this data to the electronic speed controllers.
In fact, most flight controllers encompass the IMU, GPS, Gyroscope and plenty more features to control the quadcopter flight and stability. Quite often, they have dual IMUs for redundancy and other safety features, such as Return-To-Home.
An example of a central flight controller would be the new DJI N3 Flight Controller. 5 plots in order. It has so loads of features and can work with a variety of motors.Electronic Speed Control Circuits (ESCs)
Each quadcopter motor has a circuit called an Electronic Speed Control (ESC). An electronic speed controller is an electronic circuit with the purpose to vary an electric motor’s speed, its direction and also braking.
Electronic Speed Controllers are an essential component of modern quadcopters. They offer high power, high frequency, high resolution 3-phase AC power to the motors. At the same time these ESCs are really small and compact.
Quadcopters and drones depend entirely on the variable speed of the motors driving the propellers. This wide variation and RPM thrust and control in motor/ propeller speed gives the quadcopter all of the necessary control to fly.
To understand more on Electronic Speed Controllers, view this terrific video called “RC Basics – The ESC“.Drone Propulsion System
The ESCs are one very important component of the drone propulsion system. ESCs need to have matching drone motors which in turn need to have compatible propellers. Here is the list of the components in a drone motor and propulsion system;
*Motor Stator
*Motor Bell (rotor)
*Windings
*Bearings
*Cooling System
*Electronic Speed Controllers
*ESC Updater
*Propellers
*Wiring
*ArmQuadcopter Motor Propeller DirectionVertical Lift – Quadcopter Motor Propeller Direction
In order for a quadcopter to rise into the air, a force must be created, which equals or exceeds the force of gravity. This is the basic idea behind aircraft lift, which comes down to controlling the upward and downward force.
Now, quadcopters use motor design and propeller direction for propulsion to basically control the force of gravity against the quadcopter.
The spinning of the quadcopter propeller blades push air down. All forces come in pairs (Newtons Third Law), which means for every action force there is an equal (in size) and opposite (in direction) reaction force. Therefore, as the rotor pushes down on the air, the air pushes up on the rotor. The faster the rotors spin, the greater the lift and vice-versa.
Now, a drone can do three things in the vertical plane: hover, climb, or descend.
Hover Still – To hover, the net thrust of the four rotors push the drone up and must be exactly equal to the gravitational force pulling it down.
Climb Ascend – By increasing the thrust (speed) of the four quadcopter rotors so that the upward force is greater than the weight and pull of gravity.Vertical Descend – Dropping back down requires doing the exact opposite of the climb. Decrease the rotor thrust (speed) so the net force is downward.Ad: Check out this superb DJI Mavic Mini deal on Amazon.Quadcopter Propeller Direction – Yaw, Pitch, Roll
Before delving into the quadcopter motor and propeller setup, lets explain a bit about the terminology used when it is flying forwards, backwards, sideways or rotating while hovering. These are known as Pitch, Roll and Yaw.
Yaw – This is the rotating or swiveling of the head of the quadcopter either to right or left. It is the basic movement to spin the quadcopter. On most drones, it is the achieved by using the left throttle stick either to the left or right.
Pitch – This is the movement of quadcopter either forward and backward. Forward Pitch is achieved generally by pushing the throttle stick forward, which makes the quadcopter tilt and move forward, away from you. Backward pitch is achieved by moving the throttle stick backwards.
Roll – Most people get confused with Roll and Yaw. Roll is making the quadcopter fly sideways, either to left or right. Roll is controlled by the right throttle stick, making it fly either left of right.
Most of the higher tech drones such as the Yuneec Q500 4k quadcopter allow you to fly it in 2 different ways. You can fly the drone as if you are the pilot and actually in the quadcopter. You use the control sticks differently on the roll whether the drone is coming towards you or flying away from you.
Here is a short video, which shows you very simply what roll, pitch and yaw movements are.Quadcopter Motor Direction For Yaw
Yaw is the deviation or rotating of the head of the quadcopter either to right or left. On a drone such as the DJI Mavic Pro or the latest Mavic 2 Pro, the Yaw action is controlled by the right control stick on the remote controller. Moving the stick either to the left or right will make the quadcopter swivel either left or right.
The movement on the remote control ground station sends signals to the flight controller which in turn sends data for the quadcopter ESC circuits which control the motor configuration and speed to the motors.
To see how this actually works, take a look at the below quadcopter propeller configuration diagram. The diagram is of a DJI Phantom 3 quadcopter, viewed from above with the rotors labeled 1 through 4.
In this above diagram, you can see the quadcopter motor configuration, with the 2 / 4 motors are rotating counterclockwise (CCW motors) and the 1 / 3 motors are rotating clockwise (CW motors). With the two sets of quadcopter motors configured to rotate in opposite directions, the total angular momentum is zero.
Angular momentum is the rotational equivalent of linear momentum and is calculated by multiplying the angular velocity by the moment of inertia. What is the moment of inertia? It is similar to the mass, except it deals with rotation. Angular momentum depends on how fast the rotors spin.
Conceptually, moment of inertia can be thought of as representing the object’s resistance to change in angular velocity.
If there is no torque on the quadcopter motors, then the total angular momentum must remain constant which is zero. To understand the angular movement of the above quadcopter, think of the 2 and 4 blue counterclockwise rotors having a positive angular momentum and the green clockwise quadcopter motors having a negative angular momentum. I’ll assign each motor a value of -4, +4, -4, +4, which equates to zero
To rotate the drone to the right, then a decrease in the angular velocity of motor 1 to have an angular momentum of -2 instead of -4. If nothing else happened, the total angular momentum of the quadcopter would now be +2. Now, that can’t happen. The drone will now rotate clockwise so that the body of the drone has an angular momentum of -2.
Decreasing the spin of rotor 1 did indeed cause the drone to rotate, but is also causes a problem. It also decreased the thrust from motor 1. Now the net upward force does not equal the gravitational force and the quadcopter descends.
Also the quadcopter motor thrust are not the same so the quadcopter becomes unbalanced. The quadcopter will tip downward in the direction of motor 1.
To rotate the drone without creating the above imbalances, then a decrease in the spin of motors 1 and 3 with an increase in the spin for rotors 2 and 4.
The angular momentum of the rotors still doesn’t add up to zero, so the drone body must rotate. However the total force remains equal to the gravitational force and the drone continues to hover. Since the lower thrust rotors are diagonally opposite from each other, the drone can still stay balanced.Ad: Check out this superb DJI Mavic 2 Zoom deal on Amazon. Quadcopter Propeller Direction For Pitch And Roll
Because most quadcopters are symmetrical (DJI Phantom 4 Pro V2, Autel X-Star and Holy Stone HS 100 drone for example), there is no difference between moving forward or backward. It is also the same for side to side motion. How to fly forward also explains how to fly backwards or sideways.
In order to fly forward, an increase in the quadcopter motor rpm (rotation rate) of rotors 3 and 4 (rear motors) and decrease the rate of rotors 1 and 2 (front motors) is required. The total thrust force will remain equal to the weight, so the drone will stay at the same vertical level.
Also, since one of the rear rotors is spinning counterclockwise and the other clockwise, the increased rotation of those motors will still produce zero angular momentum. The same holds true for the front rotors, and so the drone does not rotate.
However, the greater force in the back of the drone means it will tilt forward. Now a slight increase in thrust for all rotors will produce a net thrust force which has a component to balance the weight along with a forward motion component.How Do Quadcopter Work Videos
Here is an excellent video which explains very easily how a quadcopter works and flies.
This next video discusses quadcopter motor direction.How Quadcopter Motors Work
Above, we discussed how the quadcopter motors and propellers work. Here is some extra information on quadcopter motors looking at the latest designs and innovation in motor technology along with the top brands.Brushless Quadcopter Motors
Nearly all quadcopters released in the past few years and going forward are using brushless electric motors. Quadcopter brushless motors are more efficient, more reliable and quieter than a brushed motor. The type of motor and its design is very important. A more efficient motor means less battery drain and more flying time.
Stability is very important for a quadcopter so the top motors produce very little vibration on the motor meaning the flight controller has less work to do to keep the quadcopter steady.
Here are 2 excellent articles which explain all about brushless motors and how to choose a quadcopter motor.Clockwise (CW) and Counter Clockwise (CCW) Motor Direction
A quadcopter must have 4 motors. To have a balanced quadcopter, the propeller rotation has to be toward the quadcopter main body. To achieve this you need the quadcopter motor setup as follows:
*Front Left – Clockwise motor (CW)
*Front Right – Counter Clockwise motor (CCW)
*Back Left – Counter Clockwise motor (CCW)
*Back Right – Clockwise motor (CW)
Note: Make sure that the placement of propellers on the motors are proper. You want to place a CCW propeller on a CCW motors etc.Quadcopter Motor BrandsDJI Company – Motors, ESC And Propellers
DJI are the largest consumer and professional multirotor manufacturer at present. They supply 70% of drones to the market. They also manufacture the excellent range of Zenmuse gimbals and cameras.
In recent years they have been producing top of the range quadcopter and multirotor motors for their own drones but also propulsion systems which anyone can buy and use to build their own UAV.
The latest multirotor motors from DJI are the E5000, E2000, Snail and E305.
All their latest motors or propulsion systems contain the quadcopter motor, props, electronic speed control circuits and cooling system. The DJI E5000 motor and most of their other motors are sealed to protect against rain.
We are now seeing quadcopters being used on farms for surveying the land, fences and buildings as well as crop monitoring. Multirotors can also be used to spray crops with the DJI MG-1S quadcopter specifically build for this purpose. When spraying crops it is essential to have a sealed motor.T- Motor Company – Motors, ESC and Propellers
Also knows as Tiger Motor manufacture advanced propulsion systems for UAVs. They specialize in motors, ESCs and propellers. T-Motor produce quadcopter motors of the highest quality which are widely used for aerial photography, industrial, agricultural, and commercial applications.Motors From T-Motor
T-Motor range of 32 motors are as follows;
*4 U Power
*4 U Efficiency type
*4 P type motors
*8 Navigation type
*4 FPV type
*4 Anti-gravity
*4 Gimbal typeT-Motor Electronic Speed Controllers
T-Motor has 17 type of ESC circuits as follows;
*4 Alpha Series
*4 Flame Series
*3 Air Series
*4 FPV Series
*2 T Series
They ESC circuits are really high spec. Let’s take a quick look at the features on the T-Motor Alpha 40A LV ESC.
The Alpha 40A LV is a low noise, temperature and interference ESC and is very fast to respond.
Field Oriented Control (FOC) Technology – The principle of FOC is to control the motor output via the adjustment of the current flow and angle which control the magnetic field and torque of the motor.
The T-Motor Alpha Series contains intelligent features and protections for the motor as follows;
*Short circuit protection
*Over-current protection
*Throttle loss protection
*Motor lock-up protection
*Low voltage protection
*Anti-corrosion
*Dust resistant and waterproof
*Nano coating
*Ultra-light shell
*Efficient CoolingT-Motor Propellers
The T-Motor propeller range is vast, covering FPV, Ultra Light, Polished, Foldable in Plast and Carbon Fiber, in a variety of sizes.Quadcopter Motor Thrust Calculators
Here is an article which shows you how to calculate the quadcopter motor thrust using mathematical formula.
There are also a number of quadcopter motor thrust calculators online. Here are the 3 most frequently used quadcopter thrust and lift calculators;Quadcopter Propeller DesignProp Size Explained
Quadcopter propellers come in a huge variety of materials, dimensions and prices from bottom to top of the range. Generally, cheaper props are less precisely manufactured and more prone to creating vibration.
This applies especially to the relatively large
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Understanding drone motor and propeller direction, along with design show us how a quadcopter works.
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Quadcopters today, are very easy to fly in any direction. They can also hover in place super smoothly. The engineering and design is different to an airplane or helicopter for flying.
In this post we look at how a quadcopter flies, the required motor direction, configuration, setup, propeller design along with quadcopter motor thrust and calculations required.
There are also some excellent videos and links to very interesting relevant articles for further reading on how a quadcopter flies.How A Quadcopter Works
So how does a quadcopter hover or fly in any direction, lift or descend at a moments touch on the remote controller stick. Drones can also fly autonomously through programmed waypoint navigation software and fly in any direction going from point to point. So let’s look at the quadcopter technology, which makes this possible.
It is the propeller direction along with the drone’s motor rotation and speed, which make it’s flight and maneuverability possible.
The quadcopter’s flight controller sends information to the motors via their electronic speed control circuits (ESC) information on thrust, RPM, (Revolutions Per Minute) and direction. The flight controller will also combine IMU, Gyro and GPS data before signalling to the quadcopter motors on thrust and rotor speed.
While the drone and quadcopter technology of today is all modern, they still use the old principles of aircraft flight, gravity, action and reaction pairs.
In the manufacture of quadcopters, propellers and motor design, the 4 forces which affect all flight (weight, lift, thrust and drag) are also important considerations.
Mathematics is also used to calculate quadcopter motor thrust while aircraft aerodynamics is used for propeller design and the movement of air above, below and around the quadcopter.Importance Of How A Quadcopter Works And Flies
With a small bit of experience, flying a quadcopter becomes automatic. You move the sticks on the Remote Controller Ground Station which send the quadcopter in whichever direction you want it to fly. We don’t need to think about what the motors or propellers are doing.
Now supposing your quadcopter wasn’t flying correctly. Maybe it is pulling in one direction or not hovering smoothly. Well, understanding how a quadcopter works and flies will help you locate the issue with a motor or propeller, especially if a visual inspection does not show a fault.
When you understand quadcopter propeller design and motor thrust, you can make changes to your quadcopter such as removing the camera and installing another payload such as a Time-of-Flight or a Lidar sensor.
Flying with a different payload will have an effect on the control, flight and balance of the drone. A different payload will then require different quadcopter motor thrust.
If you are building your own or designing quadcopters, then understanding motor and propeller design is essential information. You need the correct quadcopter motor configuration, matching propellers, electronic speed control circuits along with IMU and GPS together with matching the correct body.
If you want to understand more about all the other components which make up our normal drone, then read this terrific article on all types of drone technology.
Ok, let us now look at how a drone flies and specifically the quadcopter propeller and motor direction and design.Quadcopter Motor And Propeller Direction ExplainedHow A Quadcopter Flies
Basically, the movement on the remote control sticks, sends signals to the central flight controller. This central flight controller sends this information to the Electronic Speed Controllers (ESCs) of each motor, which in turn directs its motors to increase or decrease speed.
Remote Control Stick Movement → Central Flight Controller → Electronic Speed Control Circuits (ESCs) → Motors and Propellers → Quadcopter Movement or Hover.Central Flight Controller
Now the central flight controller also takes information from IMU, Gyroscope, GPS modules and obstacle detection sensors if on the quadcopter. It makes computation calculations using programmed flight parameters and algorithms, then sends this data to the electronic speed controllers.
In fact, most flight controllers encompass the IMU, GPS, Gyroscope and plenty more features to control the quadcopter flight and stability. Quite often, they have dual IMUs for redundancy and other safety features, such as Return-To-Home.
An example of a central flight controller would be the new DJI N3 Flight Controller. 5 plots in order. It has so loads of features and can work with a variety of motors.Electronic Speed Control Circuits (ESCs)
Each quadcopter motor has a circuit called an Electronic Speed Control (ESC). An electronic speed controller is an electronic circuit with the purpose to vary an electric motor’s speed, its direction and also braking.
Electronic Speed Controllers are an essential component of modern quadcopters. They offer high power, high frequency, high resolution 3-phase AC power to the motors. At the same time these ESCs are really small and compact.
Quadcopters and drones depend entirely on the variable speed of the motors driving the propellers. This wide variation and RPM thrust and control in motor/ propeller speed gives the quadcopter all of the necessary control to fly.
To understand more on Electronic Speed Controllers, view this terrific video called “RC Basics – The ESC“.Drone Propulsion System
The ESCs are one very important component of the drone propulsion system. ESCs need to have matching drone motors which in turn need to have compatible propellers. Here is the list of the components in a drone motor and propulsion system;
*Motor Stator
*Motor Bell (rotor)
*Windings
*Bearings
*Cooling System
*Electronic Speed Controllers
*ESC Updater
*Propellers
*Wiring
*ArmQuadcopter Motor Propeller DirectionVertical Lift – Quadcopter Motor Propeller Direction
In order for a quadcopter to rise into the air, a force must be created, which equals or exceeds the force of gravity. This is the basic idea behind aircraft lift, which comes down to controlling the upward and downward force.
Now, quadcopters use motor design and propeller direction for propulsion to basically control the force of gravity against the quadcopter.
The spinning of the quadcopter propeller blades push air down. All forces come in pairs (Newtons Third Law), which means for every action force there is an equal (in size) and opposite (in direction) reaction force. Therefore, as the rotor pushes down on the air, the air pushes up on the rotor. The faster the rotors spin, the greater the lift and vice-versa.
Now, a drone can do three things in the vertical plane: hover, climb, or descend.
Hover Still – To hover, the net thrust of the four rotors push the drone up and must be exactly equal to the gravitational force pulling it down.
Climb Ascend – By increasing the thrust (speed) of the four quadcopter rotors so that the upward force is greater than the weight and pull of gravity.Vertical Descend – Dropping back down requires doing the exact opposite of the climb. Decrease the rotor thrust (speed) so the net force is downward.Ad: Check out this superb DJI Mavic Mini deal on Amazon.Quadcopter Propeller Direction – Yaw, Pitch, Roll
Before delving into the quadcopter motor and propeller setup, lets explain a bit about the terminology used when it is flying forwards, backwards, sideways or rotating while hovering. These are known as Pitch, Roll and Yaw.
Yaw – This is the rotating or swiveling of the head of the quadcopter either to right or left. It is the basic movement to spin the quadcopter. On most drones, it is the achieved by using the left throttle stick either to the left or right.
Pitch – This is the movement of quadcopter either forward and backward. Forward Pitch is achieved generally by pushing the throttle stick forward, which makes the quadcopter tilt and move forward, away from you. Backward pitch is achieved by moving the throttle stick backwards.
Roll – Most people get confused with Roll and Yaw. Roll is making the quadcopter fly sideways, either to left or right. Roll is controlled by the right throttle stick, making it fly either left of right.
Most of the higher tech drones such as the Yuneec Q500 4k quadcopter allow you to fly it in 2 different ways. You can fly the drone as if you are the pilot and actually in the quadcopter. You use the control sticks differently on the roll whether the drone is coming towards you or flying away from you.
Here is a short video, which shows you very simply what roll, pitch and yaw movements are.Quadcopter Motor Direction For Yaw
Yaw is the deviation or rotating of the head of the quadcopter either to right or left. On a drone such as the DJI Mavic Pro or the latest Mavic 2 Pro, the Yaw action is controlled by the right control stick on the remote controller. Moving the stick either to the left or right will make the quadcopter swivel either left or right.
The movement on the remote control ground station sends signals to the flight controller which in turn sends data for the quadcopter ESC circuits which control the motor configuration and speed to the motors.
To see how this actually works, take a look at the below quadcopter propeller configuration diagram. The diagram is of a DJI Phantom 3 quadcopter, viewed from above with the rotors labeled 1 through 4.
In this above diagram, you can see the quadcopter motor configuration, with the 2 / 4 motors are rotating counterclockwise (CCW motors) and the 1 / 3 motors are rotating clockwise (CW motors). With the two sets of quadcopter motors configured to rotate in opposite directions, the total angular momentum is zero.
Angular momentum is the rotational equivalent of linear momentum and is calculated by multiplying the angular velocity by the moment of inertia. What is the moment of inertia? It is similar to the mass, except it deals with rotation. Angular momentum depends on how fast the rotors spin.
Conceptually, moment of inertia can be thought of as representing the object’s resistance to change in angular velocity.
If there is no torque on the quadcopter motors, then the total angular momentum must remain constant which is zero. To understand the angular movement of the above quadcopter, think of the 2 and 4 blue counterclockwise rotors having a positive angular momentum and the green clockwise quadcopter motors having a negative angular momentum. I’ll assign each motor a value of -4, +4, -4, +4, which equates to zero
To rotate the drone to the right, then a decrease in the angular velocity of motor 1 to have an angular momentum of -2 instead of -4. If nothing else happened, the total angular momentum of the quadcopter would now be +2. Now, that can’t happen. The drone will now rotate clockwise so that the body of the drone has an angular momentum of -2.
Decreasing the spin of rotor 1 did indeed cause the drone to rotate, but is also causes a problem. It also decreased the thrust from motor 1. Now the net upward force does not equal the gravitational force and the quadcopter descends.
Also the quadcopter motor thrust are not the same so the quadcopter becomes unbalanced. The quadcopter will tip downward in the direction of motor 1.
To rotate the drone without creating the above imbalances, then a decrease in the spin of motors 1 and 3 with an increase in the spin for rotors 2 and 4.
The angular momentum of the rotors still doesn’t add up to zero, so the drone body must rotate. However the total force remains equal to the gravitational force and the drone continues to hover. Since the lower thrust rotors are diagonally opposite from each other, the drone can still stay balanced.Ad: Check out this superb DJI Mavic 2 Zoom deal on Amazon. Quadcopter Propeller Direction For Pitch And Roll
Because most quadcopters are symmetrical (DJI Phantom 4 Pro V2, Autel X-Star and Holy Stone HS 100 drone for example), there is no difference between moving forward or backward. It is also the same for side to side motion. How to fly forward also explains how to fly backwards or sideways.
In order to fly forward, an increase in the quadcopter motor rpm (rotation rate) of rotors 3 and 4 (rear motors) and decrease the rate of rotors 1 and 2 (front motors) is required. The total thrust force will remain equal to the weight, so the drone will stay at the same vertical level.
Also, since one of the rear rotors is spinning counterclockwise and the other clockwise, the increased rotation of those motors will still produce zero angular momentum. The same holds true for the front rotors, and so the drone does not rotate.
However, the greater force in the back of the drone means it will tilt forward. Now a slight increase in thrust for all rotors will produce a net thrust force which has a component to balance the weight along with a forward motion component.How Do Quadcopter Work Videos
Here is an excellent video which explains very easily how a quadcopter works and flies.
This next video discusses quadcopter motor direction.How Quadcopter Motors Work
Above, we discussed how the quadcopter motors and propellers work. Here is some extra information on quadcopter motors looking at the latest designs and innovation in motor technology along with the top brands.Brushless Quadcopter Motors
Nearly all quadcopters released in the past few years and going forward are using brushless electric motors. Quadcopter brushless motors are more efficient, more reliable and quieter than a brushed motor. The type of motor and its design is very important. A more efficient motor means less battery drain and more flying time.
Stability is very important for a quadcopter so the top motors produce very little vibration on the motor meaning the flight controller has less work to do to keep the quadcopter steady.
Here are 2 excellent articles which explain all about brushless motors and how to choose a quadcopter motor.Clockwise (CW) and Counter Clockwise (CCW) Motor Direction
A quadcopter must have 4 motors. To have a balanced quadcopter, the propeller rotation has to be toward the quadcopter main body. To achieve this you need the quadcopter motor setup as follows:
*Front Left – Clockwise motor (CW)
*Front Right – Counter Clockwise motor (CCW)
*Back Left – Counter Clockwise motor (CCW)
*Back Right – Clockwise motor (CW)
Note: Make sure that the placement of propellers on the motors are proper. You want to place a CCW propeller on a CCW motors etc.Quadcopter Motor BrandsDJI Company – Motors, ESC And Propellers
DJI are the largest consumer and professional multirotor manufacturer at present. They supply 70% of drones to the market. They also manufacture the excellent range of Zenmuse gimbals and cameras.
In recent years they have been producing top of the range quadcopter and multirotor motors for their own drones but also propulsion systems which anyone can buy and use to build their own UAV.
The latest multirotor motors from DJI are the E5000, E2000, Snail and E305.
All their latest motors or propulsion systems contain the quadcopter motor, props, electronic speed control circuits and cooling system. The DJI E5000 motor and most of their other motors are sealed to protect against rain.
We are now seeing quadcopters being used on farms for surveying the land, fences and buildings as well as crop monitoring. Multirotors can also be used to spray crops with the DJI MG-1S quadcopter specifically build for this purpose. When spraying crops it is essential to have a sealed motor.T- Motor Company – Motors, ESC and Propellers
Also knows as Tiger Motor manufacture advanced propulsion systems for UAVs. They specialize in motors, ESCs and propellers. T-Motor produce quadcopter motors of the highest quality which are widely used for aerial photography, industrial, agricultural, and commercial applications.Motors From T-Motor
T-Motor range of 32 motors are as follows;
*4 U Power
*4 U Efficiency type
*4 P type motors
*8 Navigation type
*4 FPV type
*4 Anti-gravity
*4 Gimbal typeT-Motor Electronic Speed Controllers
T-Motor has 17 type of ESC circuits as follows;
*4 Alpha Series
*4 Flame Series
*3 Air Series
*4 FPV Series
*2 T Series
They ESC circuits are really high spec. Let’s take a quick look at the features on the T-Motor Alpha 40A LV ESC.
The Alpha 40A LV is a low noise, temperature and interference ESC and is very fast to respond.
Field Oriented Control (FOC) Technology – The principle of FOC is to control the motor output via the adjustment of the current flow and angle which control the magnetic field and torque of the motor.
The T-Motor Alpha Series contains intelligent features and protections for the motor as follows;
*Short circuit protection
*Over-current protection
*Throttle loss protection
*Motor lock-up protection
*Low voltage protection
*Anti-corrosion
*Dust resistant and waterproof
*Nano coating
*Ultra-light shell
*Efficient CoolingT-Motor Propellers
The T-Motor propeller range is vast, covering FPV, Ultra Light, Polished, Foldable in Plast and Carbon Fiber, in a variety of sizes.Quadcopter Motor Thrust Calculators
Here is an article which shows you how to calculate the quadcopter motor thrust using mathematical formula.
There are also a number of quadcopter motor thrust calculators online. Here are the 3 most frequently used quadcopter thrust and lift calculators;Quadcopter Propeller DesignProp Size Explained
Quadcopter propellers come in a huge variety of materials, dimensions and prices from bottom to top of the range. Generally, cheaper props are less precisely manufactured and more prone to creating vibration.
This applies especially to the relatively large
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At its core the business of casino gaming is pretty simple. Casinos make money on their games because of the mathematics behind the games. As Nico Zographos, dealer-extraordinaire for the ’Greek Syndicate’ in Deauville, Cannes, and Monte Carlo in the 1920s observed about casino gaming: ’There is no such thing as luck. It is all mathematics.’
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With a few notable exceptions, the house always wins - in the long run - because of the mathematical advantage the casino enjoys over the player. That is what Mario Puzo was referring to in his famous novel Fools Die when his fictional casino boss character, Gronevelt, commented: ’Percentages never lie. We built all these hotels on percentages. We stay rich on the percentage. You can lose faith in everything, religion and God, women and love, good and evil, war and peace. You name it. But the percentage will always stand fast.’
Puzo is, of course, right on the money about casino gaming. Without the ’edge,’ casinos would not exist. With this edge, and because of a famous mathematical result called the law of large numbers, a casino is guaranteed to win in the long run.
Why is Mathematics Important?
Critics of the gaming industry have long accused it of creating the name ’gaming’ and using this as more politically correct than calling itself the ’gambling industry.’ The term ’gaming,’ however, has been around for centuries and more accurately describes the operators’ view of the industry because most often casino operators are not gambling. Instead, they rely on mathematical principles to assure that their establishment generates positive gross gaming revenues. The operator, however, must assure the gaming revenues are sufficient to cover deductions like bad debts, expenses, employees, taxes and interest.
Despite the obvious, many casino professionals limit their advancements by failing to understand the basic mathematics of the games and their relationships to casino profitability. One casino owner would often test his pit bosses by asking how a casino could make money on blackjack if the outcome is determined simply by whether the player or the dealer came closest to 21. The answer, typically, was because the casino maintained ’a house advantage.’ This was fair enough, but many could not identify the amount of that advantage or what aspect of the game created the advantage. Given that products offered by casinos are games, managers must understand why the games provide the expected revenues. In the gaming industry, nothing plays a more important role than mathematics.
Mathematics should also overcome the dangers of superstitions. An owner of a major Las Vegas strip casino once experienced a streak of losing substantial amounts of money to a few ’high rollers.’ He did not attribute this losing streak to normal volatility in the games, but to bad luck. His solution was simple. He spent the evening spreading salt throughout the casino to ward off the bad spirits. Before attributing this example to the idiosyncrasies of one owner, his are atypical only in their extreme. Superstition has long been a part of gambling - from both sides of the table. Superstitions can lead to irrational decisions that may hurt casino profits. For example, believing that a particular dealer is unlucky against a particular (winning) player may lead to a decision to change dealers. As many, if not most, players are superstitious. At best, he may resent that the casino is trying to change his luck. At worst, the player may feel the new dealer is skilled in methods to ’cool’ the game. Perhaps he is even familiar with stories of old where casinos employed dealers to cheat ’lucky’ players.
Understanding the mathematics of a game also is important for the casino operator to ensure that the reasonable expectations of the players are met. For most persons, gambling is entertainment. It provides an outlet for adult play. As such, persons have the opportunity for a pleasant diversion from ordinary life and from societal and personal pressures. As an entertainment alternative, however, players may consider the value of the gambling experience. For example, some people may have the option of either spending a hundred dollars during an evening by going to a professional basketball game or at a licensed casino. If the house advantage is too strong and the person loses his money too quickly, he may not value that casino entertainment experience. On the other hand, if a casino can entertain him for an evening, and he enjoys a ’complimentary’ meal or drinks, he may want to repeat the experience, even over a professional basketball game. Likewise, new casino games themselves may succeed or fail based on player expectations. In recent years, casinos have debuted a variety of new games that attempt to garner player interest and keep their attention. Regardless of whether a game is fun or interesting to play, most often a player will not want to play games where his money is lost too quickly or where he has a exceptionally remote chance of returning home with winnings.
Mathematics also plays an important part in meeting players’ expectations as to the possible consequences of his gambling activities. If gambling involves rational decision-making, it would appear irrational to wager money where your opponent has a better chance of winning than you do. Adam Smith suggested that all gambling, where the operator has an advantage, is irrational. He wrote ’There is not, however, a more certain proposition in mathematics than that the more tickets [in a lottery] you advertise upon, the more likely you are a loser. Adventure upon all the tickets in the lottery, and you lose for certain; and the greater the number of your tickets, the nearer you approach to this certainty.’
Even where the house has an advantage, however, a gambler may be justified if the amount lost means little to him, but the potential gain would elevate him to a higher standing of living. For example, a person with an annual income of $30,000 may have $5 in disposable weekly income. He could save or gamble this money. By saving it, at the end of a year, he would have $260. Even if he did this for years, the savings would not elevate his economic status to another level. As an alternative, he could use the $5 to gamble for the chance to win $1 million. While the odds of winning are remote, it may provide the only opportunity to move to a higher economic class.
Since the casino industry is heavily regulated and some of the standards set forth by regulatory bodies involve mathematically related issues, casino managers also should understand the mathematical aspects relating to gaming regulation. Gaming regulation is principally dedicated to assuring that the games offered in the casino are fair, honest, and that players get paid if they win. Fairness is often expressed in the regulations as either requiring a minimum payback to the player or, in more extreme cases, as dictating the actual rules of the games offered. Casino executives should understand the impact that rules changes have on the payback to players to assure they meet regulatory standards. Equally important, casino executives should understand how government mandated rules would impact their gaming revenues.
The House Edge
The player’s chances of winning in a casino game and the rate at which he wins or loses money depends on the game, the rules in effect for that game, and for some games his level of skill. The amount of money the player can expect to win or lose in the long run - if the bet is made over and over again - is called the player’s wager expected value (EV), or expectation. When the player’s wager expectation is negative, he will lose money in the long run. For a $5 bet on the color red in roulette, for example, the expectation is -$0.263. On the average the player will lose just over a quarter for each $5 bet on red. Slot Analysis Training Program
When the wager expectation is viewed from the casino’s perspective (i.e., the negative of the player’s expectation) and expressed as a percentage, you have the house advantage. For the roulette example, the house advantage is 5.26% ($0.263 divided by $5). The formal calculation is as follows:
EV = (+5)(18/38) + (-5)(20/38) = -0.263 (House Advantage = 0.263/5 = 5.26%)
When this EV calculation is performed for a 1-unit amount, the negative of the resulting value is the house edge. Here are the calculations for bets on a single-number in double-zero and single-zero roulette.
Double-zero roulette (single number bet): EV = (+35)(1/38) + (-1)(37/38) = -0.053 (House Advantage = 5.3%)
Single-zero roulette (single number bet): EV = (+35)(1/37) + (-1)(36/37) = -0.027 (House Advantage = 2.7%)
The house advantage represents the long run percentage of the wagered money that will be retained by the casino. It is also called the house edge, the ’odds’ (i.e., avoid games with bad odds), or just the ’percentage’ (as in Mario Puzo’s Fools Die). Although the house edge can be computed easily for some games - for example, roulette and craps - for others it requires more sophisticated mathematical analysis and/or computer simulations. Regardless of the method used to compute it, the house advantage represents the price to the player of playing the game.
Because this positive house edge exists for virtually all bets in a casino (ignoring the poker room and sports book where a few professionals can make a living), gamblers are faced with an uphill and, in the long run, losing battle. There are some exceptions. The odds bet in craps has zero house edge (although this bet cannot be made without making another negative expectation wager) and there are a few video poker machines that return greater than 100% if played with perfect strategy. Occasionally the casino will even offer a promotion that gives the astute player a positive expectation. These promotions are usually mistakes - sometimes casinos don’t check the math - and are terminated once the casino realizes the player has the edge. But by and large the player will lose money in the long run, and the house edge is a measure of how fast the money will be lost. A player betting in a game with a 4% house advantage will tend to lose his money twice as fast as a player making bets with a 2% house edge. The trick to intelligent casino gambling - at least from the mathematical expectation point of view - is to avoid the games and bets with the large house advantages.
Some casino games are pure chance - no amount of skill or strategy can alter the odds. These games include roulette, craps, baccarat, keno, the big-six wheel of fortune, and slot machines. Of these, baccarat and craps offer the best odds, with house advantages of 1.2% and less than 1% (assuming only pass/come with full odds), respectively. Roulette and slots cost the player more - house advantages of 5.3% for double-zero roulette and 5% to 10% for slots - while the wheel of fortune feeds the casino near 20% of the wagers, and keno is a veritable casino cash cow with average house advantage close to 30%.
Games where an element of skill can affect the house advantage include blackjack, video poker, and the four popular poker-based table games: Caribbean Stud poker, Let It Ride, Three Card poker, and Pai Gow poker. For the poker games, optimal strategy results in a house edge in the 3% to 5% range (CSP has the largest house edge, PGP the lowest, with LIR and TCP in between). For video poker the statistical advantage varies depending on the particular machine, but generally this game can be very player friendly - house edge less than 3% is not uncommon and some are less than 1% - if played with expert strategy.
Blackjack, the most popular of all table games, offers the skilled player some of the best odds in the casino. The house advantage varies slightly depending on the rules and number of decks, but a player using basic strategy faces little or no disadvantage in a single-deck game and only a 0.5% house edge in the common six-deck game. Despite these numbers, the average player ends up giving the casino a 2% edge due to mistakes and deviations from basic strategy. Complete basic strategy tables can be found in many books and many casino-hotel gift shops sell color-coded credit card size versions. Rule variations favorable to the player include fewer decks, dealer stands on soft seventeen (worth 0.2%), doubling after splitting (0.14%), late surrender (worth 0.06%), and early surrender (uncommon, but worth 0.24%). If the dealer hits soft seventeen it will cost you, as will any restrictions on when you can double down.
Probability versus Odds
Probability represents the long run ratio of (# of times an outcome occurs) to (# of times experiment is conducted). Odds represent the long run ratio of (# of times an outcome does not occur) to (# of times an outcome occurs). If a card is randomly selected from a standard deck of 52 playing cards, the probability it is a spade is 1/4; the odds (against spade) are 3 to 1. The true odds of an event represent the payoff that would make the bet on that event fair. For example, a bet on a single number in double-zero roulette has probability of 1/38, so to break even in the long run a player would have to be paid 37 to 1 (the actual payoff is 35 to 1).
Confusion about Win Rate
There are all kinds of percentages in the world of gaming. Win percentage, theoretical win percentage, hold percentage, and house advantage come to mind. Sometimes casino bosses use these percentages interchangeably, as if they are just different names for the same thing. Admittedly, in some cases this is correct. House advantage is just another name for theoretical win percentage, and for slot machines, hold percentage is (in principle) equivalent to win percentage. But there are fundamental differences among these win rate measurements.
The house advantage - the all-important percentage that explains how casinos make money - is also called the house edge, the theoretical win percentage, and expected win percentage. In double-zero roulette, this figure is 5.3%. In the long run the house will retain 5.3% of the money wagered. In the short term, of course, the actual win percentage will differ from the theoretical win percentage (the magnitude of this deviation can be predicted from statistical theory). The actual win percentage is just the (actual) win divided by the handle. Because of the law of large numbers - or as some prefer to call it, the law of averages - as the number of trials gets larger, the actual win percentage should get closer to the theoretical win percentage.
Because handle can be difficult to measure for table games, performance is often measured by hold percentage (and sometimes erroneously called win percentage). Hold percentage is equal to win divided by drop. In Nevada, this figure is about 24% for roulette. The drop and hold percentage are affected by many factors; we won’t delve into these nor the associated management issues. Suffice it to say that the casino will not in the long term keep 24% of the money bet on the spins of roulette wheel - well, an honest casino won’t.
To summarize: House advantage and theoretical win percentage are the same thing, hold percentage is win over drop, win percentage is win over handle, win percentage approaches the house advantage as the number of plays increases, and hold percentage is equivalent to win percentage for slots but not table games.
· Hold % = Win/Drop · Win % (actual) = Win/Handle · H.A. = Theoretical Win % = Limit(Actual Win %) = Limit(Win/Handle) · Hold Percentage ¹ House Edge
Furthermore, the house advantage is itself subject to varying interpretations. In Let It Ride, for example, the casino advantage is either 3.51% or 2.86% depending on whether you express the advantage with respect to the base bet or the average bet. Those familiar with the game know that the player begins with three equal base bets, but may withdraw one or two of these initial units. The final amount put at risk, then, can be one (84.6% of the time assuming proper strategy), two (8.5%), or three units (6.9%), making the average bet size 1.224 units. In the long run, the casino will win 3.51% of the hands, which equates to 2.86% of the money wagered. So what’s the house edge for Let It Ride? Some prefer to say 3.51% per hand, others 2.86% per unit wagered. No matter. Either way, the bottom line is the same either way: assuming three $1 base bets, the casino can expect to earn 3.5¢ per hand (note that 1.224 x 0.0286 = 0.035).
The question of whether to use the base bet or average bet size also arises in Caribbean Stud Poker (5.22% vs. 2.56%), Three Card Poker (3.37% vs. 2.01%), Casino War (2.88% vs. 2.68%), and Red Dog (2.80% vs. 2.37%).
For still other games, the house edge can be stated including or excluding ties. The prime examples here are the player (1.24% vs. 1.37%) and banker (1.06% vs. 1.17%) bets in baccarat, and the don’t pass bet (1.36% vs. 1.40%) in craps. Again, these are different views on the casino edge, but the expected revenue will not change.
That the house advantage can appear in different disguises might be unsettling. When properly computed and interpreted, however, regardless of which representation is chosen, the same truth (read: money) emerges: expected win is the same.
Volatility and Risk
Statistical theory can be used to predict the magnitude of the difference between the actual win percentage and the theoretical win percentage for a given number of wagers. When observing the actual win percentage a player (or casino) may experience, how much variation from theoretical win can be expected? What is a normal fluctuation? The basis for the analysis of such volatility questions is a statistical measure called the standard deviation (essentially the average deviation of all possible outcomes from the expected). Together with the central limit theorem (a form of the law of large numbers), the standard deviation (SD) can be used to determine confidence limits with the following volatility guidelines:
Volatil
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Introduction
At its core the business of casino gaming is pretty simple. Casinos make money on their games because of the mathematics behind the games. As Nico Zographos, dealer-extraordinaire for the ’Greek Syndicate’ in Deauville, Cannes, and Monte Carlo in the 1920s observed about casino gaming: ’There is no such thing as luck. It is all mathematics.’
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With a few notable exceptions, the house always wins - in the long run - because of the mathematical advantage the casino enjoys over the player. That is what Mario Puzo was referring to in his famous novel Fools Die when his fictional casino boss character, Gronevelt, commented: ’Percentages never lie. We built all these hotels on percentages. We stay rich on the percentage. You can lose faith in everything, religion and God, women and love, good and evil, war and peace. You name it. But the percentage will always stand fast.’
Puzo is, of course, right on the money about casino gaming. Without the ’edge,’ casinos would not exist. With this edge, and because of a famous mathematical result called the law of large numbers, a casino is guaranteed to win in the long run.
Why is Mathematics Important?
Critics of the gaming industry have long accused it of creating the name ’gaming’ and using this as more politically correct than calling itself the ’gambling industry.’ The term ’gaming,’ however, has been around for centuries and more accurately describes the operators’ view of the industry because most often casino operators are not gambling. Instead, they rely on mathematical principles to assure that their establishment generates positive gross gaming revenues. The operator, however, must assure the gaming revenues are sufficient to cover deductions like bad debts, expenses, employees, taxes and interest.
Despite the obvious, many casino professionals limit their advancements by failing to understand the basic mathematics of the games and their relationships to casino profitability. One casino owner would often test his pit bosses by asking how a casino could make money on blackjack if the outcome is determined simply by whether the player or the dealer came closest to 21. The answer, typically, was because the casino maintained ’a house advantage.’ This was fair enough, but many could not identify the amount of that advantage or what aspect of the game created the advantage. Given that products offered by casinos are games, managers must understand why the games provide the expected revenues. In the gaming industry, nothing plays a more important role than mathematics.
Mathematics should also overcome the dangers of superstitions. An owner of a major Las Vegas strip casino once experienced a streak of losing substantial amounts of money to a few ’high rollers.’ He did not attribute this losing streak to normal volatility in the games, but to bad luck. His solution was simple. He spent the evening spreading salt throughout the casino to ward off the bad spirits. Before attributing this example to the idiosyncrasies of one owner, his are atypical only in their extreme. Superstition has long been a part of gambling - from both sides of the table. Superstitions can lead to irrational decisions that may hurt casino profits. For example, believing that a particular dealer is unlucky against a particular (winning) player may lead to a decision to change dealers. As many, if not most, players are superstitious. At best, he may resent that the casino is trying to change his luck. At worst, the player may feel the new dealer is skilled in methods to ’cool’ the game. Perhaps he is even familiar with stories of old where casinos employed dealers to cheat ’lucky’ players.
Understanding the mathematics of a game also is important for the casino operator to ensure that the reasonable expectations of the players are met. For most persons, gambling is entertainment. It provides an outlet for adult play. As such, persons have the opportunity for a pleasant diversion from ordinary life and from societal and personal pressures. As an entertainment alternative, however, players may consider the value of the gambling experience. For example, some people may have the option of either spending a hundred dollars during an evening by going to a professional basketball game or at a licensed casino. If the house advantage is too strong and the person loses his money too quickly, he may not value that casino entertainment experience. On the other hand, if a casino can entertain him for an evening, and he enjoys a ’complimentary’ meal or drinks, he may want to repeat the experience, even over a professional basketball game. Likewise, new casino games themselves may succeed or fail based on player expectations. In recent years, casinos have debuted a variety of new games that attempt to garner player interest and keep their attention. Regardless of whether a game is fun or interesting to play, most often a player will not want to play games where his money is lost too quickly or where he has a exceptionally remote chance of returning home with winnings.
Mathematics also plays an important part in meeting players’ expectations as to the possible consequences of his gambling activities. If gambling involves rational decision-making, it would appear irrational to wager money where your opponent has a better chance of winning than you do. Adam Smith suggested that all gambling, where the operator has an advantage, is irrational. He wrote ’There is not, however, a more certain proposition in mathematics than that the more tickets [in a lottery] you advertise upon, the more likely you are a loser. Adventure upon all the tickets in the lottery, and you lose for certain; and the greater the number of your tickets, the nearer you approach to this certainty.’
Even where the house has an advantage, however, a gambler may be justified if the amount lost means little to him, but the potential gain would elevate him to a higher standing of living. For example, a person with an annual income of $30,000 may have $5 in disposable weekly income. He could save or gamble this money. By saving it, at the end of a year, he would have $260. Even if he did this for years, the savings would not elevate his economic status to another level. As an alternative, he could use the $5 to gamble for the chance to win $1 million. While the odds of winning are remote, it may provide the only opportunity to move to a higher economic class.
Since the casino industry is heavily regulated and some of the standards set forth by regulatory bodies involve mathematically related issues, casino managers also should understand the mathematical aspects relating to gaming regulation. Gaming regulation is principally dedicated to assuring that the games offered in the casino are fair, honest, and that players get paid if they win. Fairness is often expressed in the regulations as either requiring a minimum payback to the player or, in more extreme cases, as dictating the actual rules of the games offered. Casino executives should understand the impact that rules changes have on the payback to players to assure they meet regulatory standards. Equally important, casino executives should understand how government mandated rules would impact their gaming revenues.
The House Edge
The player’s chances of winning in a casino game and the rate at which he wins or loses money depends on the game, the rules in effect for that game, and for some games his level of skill. The amount of money the player can expect to win or lose in the long run - if the bet is made over and over again - is called the player’s wager expected value (EV), or expectation. When the player’s wager expectation is negative, he will lose money in the long run. For a $5 bet on the color red in roulette, for example, the expectation is -$0.263. On the average the player will lose just over a quarter for each $5 bet on red. Slot Analysis Training Program
When the wager expectation is viewed from the casino’s perspective (i.e., the negative of the player’s expectation) and expressed as a percentage, you have the house advantage. For the roulette example, the house advantage is 5.26% ($0.263 divided by $5). The formal calculation is as follows:
EV = (+5)(18/38) + (-5)(20/38) = -0.263 (House Advantage = 0.263/5 = 5.26%)
When this EV calculation is performed for a 1-unit amount, the negative of the resulting value is the house edge. Here are the calculations for bets on a single-number in double-zero and single-zero roulette.
Double-zero roulette (single number bet): EV = (+35)(1/38) + (-1)(37/38) = -0.053 (House Advantage = 5.3%)
Single-zero roulette (single number bet): EV = (+35)(1/37) + (-1)(36/37) = -0.027 (House Advantage = 2.7%)
The house advantage represents the long run percentage of the wagered money that will be retained by the casino. It is also called the house edge, the ’odds’ (i.e., avoid games with bad odds), or just the ’percentage’ (as in Mario Puzo’s Fools Die). Although the house edge can be computed easily for some games - for example, roulette and craps - for others it requires more sophisticated mathematical analysis and/or computer simulations. Regardless of the method used to compute it, the house advantage represents the price to the player of playing the game.
Because this positive house edge exists for virtually all bets in a casino (ignoring the poker room and sports book where a few professionals can make a living), gamblers are faced with an uphill and, in the long run, losing battle. There are some exceptions. The odds bet in craps has zero house edge (although this bet cannot be made without making another negative expectation wager) and there are a few video poker machines that return greater than 100% if played with perfect strategy. Occasionally the casino will even offer a promotion that gives the astute player a positive expectation. These promotions are usually mistakes - sometimes casinos don’t check the math - and are terminated once the casino realizes the player has the edge. But by and large the player will lose money in the long run, and the house edge is a measure of how fast the money will be lost. A player betting in a game with a 4% house advantage will tend to lose his money twice as fast as a player making bets with a 2% house edge. The trick to intelligent casino gambling - at least from the mathematical expectation point of view - is to avoid the games and bets with the large house advantages.
Some casino games are pure chance - no amount of skill or strategy can alter the odds. These games include roulette, craps, baccarat, keno, the big-six wheel of fortune, and slot machines. Of these, baccarat and craps offer the best odds, with house advantages of 1.2% and less than 1% (assuming only pass/come with full odds), respectively. Roulette and slots cost the player more - house advantages of 5.3% for double-zero roulette and 5% to 10% for slots - while the wheel of fortune feeds the casino near 20% of the wagers, and keno is a veritable casino cash cow with average house advantage close to 30%.
Games where an element of skill can affect the house advantage include blackjack, video poker, and the four popular poker-based table games: Caribbean Stud poker, Let It Ride, Three Card poker, and Pai Gow poker. For the poker games, optimal strategy results in a house edge in the 3% to 5% range (CSP has the largest house edge, PGP the lowest, with LIR and TCP in between). For video poker the statistical advantage varies depending on the particular machine, but generally this game can be very player friendly - house edge less than 3% is not uncommon and some are less than 1% - if played with expert strategy.
Blackjack, the most popular of all table games, offers the skilled player some of the best odds in the casino. The house advantage varies slightly depending on the rules and number of decks, but a player using basic strategy faces little or no disadvantage in a single-deck game and only a 0.5% house edge in the common six-deck game. Despite these numbers, the average player ends up giving the casino a 2% edge due to mistakes and deviations from basic strategy. Complete basic strategy tables can be found in many books and many casino-hotel gift shops sell color-coded credit card size versions. Rule variations favorable to the player include fewer decks, dealer stands on soft seventeen (worth 0.2%), doubling after splitting (0.14%), late surrender (worth 0.06%), and early surrender (uncommon, but worth 0.24%). If the dealer hits soft seventeen it will cost you, as will any restrictions on when you can double down.
Probability versus Odds
Probability represents the long run ratio of (# of times an outcome occurs) to (# of times experiment is conducted). Odds represent the long run ratio of (# of times an outcome does not occur) to (# of times an outcome occurs). If a card is randomly selected from a standard deck of 52 playing cards, the probability it is a spade is 1/4; the odds (against spade) are 3 to 1. The true odds of an event represent the payoff that would make the bet on that event fair. For example, a bet on a single number in double-zero roulette has probability of 1/38, so to break even in the long run a player would have to be paid 37 to 1 (the actual payoff is 35 to 1).
Confusion about Win Rate
There are all kinds of percentages in the world of gaming. Win percentage, theoretical win percentage, hold percentage, and house advantage come to mind. Sometimes casino bosses use these percentages interchangeably, as if they are just different names for the same thing. Admittedly, in some cases this is correct. House advantage is just another name for theoretical win percentage, and for slot machines, hold percentage is (in principle) equivalent to win percentage. But there are fundamental differences among these win rate measurements.
The house advantage - the all-important percentage that explains how casinos make money - is also called the house edge, the theoretical win percentage, and expected win percentage. In double-zero roulette, this figure is 5.3%. In the long run the house will retain 5.3% of the money wagered. In the short term, of course, the actual win percentage will differ from the theoretical win percentage (the magnitude of this deviation can be predicted from statistical theory). The actual win percentage is just the (actual) win divided by the handle. Because of the law of large numbers - or as some prefer to call it, the law of averages - as the number of trials gets larger, the actual win percentage should get closer to the theoretical win percentage.
Because handle can be difficult to measure for table games, performance is often measured by hold percentage (and sometimes erroneously called win percentage). Hold percentage is equal to win divided by drop. In Nevada, this figure is about 24% for roulette. The drop and hold percentage are affected by many factors; we won’t delve into these nor the associated management issues. Suffice it to say that the casino will not in the long term keep 24% of the money bet on the spins of roulette wheel - well, an honest casino won’t.
To summarize: House advantage and theoretical win percentage are the same thing, hold percentage is win over drop, win percentage is win over handle, win percentage approaches the house advantage as the number of plays increases, and hold percentage is equivalent to win percentage for slots but not table games.
· Hold % = Win/Drop · Win % (actual) = Win/Handle · H.A. = Theoretical Win % = Limit(Actual Win %) = Limit(Win/Handle) · Hold Percentage ¹ House Edge
Furthermore, the house advantage is itself subject to varying interpretations. In Let It Ride, for example, the casino advantage is either 3.51% or 2.86% depending on whether you express the advantage with respect to the base bet or the average bet. Those familiar with the game know that the player begins with three equal base bets, but may withdraw one or two of these initial units. The final amount put at risk, then, can be one (84.6% of the time assuming proper strategy), two (8.5%), or three units (6.9%), making the average bet size 1.224 units. In the long run, the casino will win 3.51% of the hands, which equates to 2.86% of the money wagered. So what’s the house edge for Let It Ride? Some prefer to say 3.51% per hand, others 2.86% per unit wagered. No matter. Either way, the bottom line is the same either way: assuming three $1 base bets, the casino can expect to earn 3.5¢ per hand (note that 1.224 x 0.0286 = 0.035).
The question of whether to use the base bet or average bet size also arises in Caribbean Stud Poker (5.22% vs. 2.56%), Three Card Poker (3.37% vs. 2.01%), Casino War (2.88% vs. 2.68%), and Red Dog (2.80% vs. 2.37%).
For still other games, the house edge can be stated including or excluding ties. The prime examples here are the player (1.24% vs. 1.37%) and banker (1.06% vs. 1.17%) bets in baccarat, and the don’t pass bet (1.36% vs. 1.40%) in craps. Again, these are different views on the casino edge, but the expected revenue will not change.
That the house advantage can appear in different disguises might be unsettling. When properly computed and interpreted, however, regardless of which representation is chosen, the same truth (read: money) emerges: expected win is the same.
Volatility and Risk
Statistical theory can be used to predict the magnitude of the difference between the actual win percentage and the theoretical win percentage for a given number of wagers. When observing the actual win percentage a player (or casino) may experience, how much variation from theoretical win can be expected? What is a normal fluctuation? The basis for the analysis of such volatility questions is a statistical measure called the standard deviation (essentially the average deviation of all possible outcomes from the expected). Together with the central limit theorem (a form of the law of large numbers), the standard deviation (SD) can be used to determine confidence limits with the following volatility guidelines:
Volatil
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5 Plots In Order
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The plot of lnN 2 O 5 versus t gives a straight line, whereas the plots of N 2 O 5 versus t and 1/N 2 O 5 versus t do not. This means that the decomposition of N 2 O 5 is first order in N 2 O 5. B The rate law for the reaction is therefore. Rate = kN 2 O 5. Created using PowToon - Free sign up at. Make your own animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free.
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The Bode plot or the Bode diagram consists of two plots −
*Magnitude plot
*Phase plot
In both the plots, x-axis represents angular frequency (logarithmic scale). Whereas, yaxis represents the magnitude (linear scale) of open loop transfer function in the magnitude plot and the phase angle (linear scale) of the open loop transfer function in the phase plot.
The magnitude of the open loop transfer function in dB is -
$$M=20: log|G(jomega)H(jomega)|$$
The phase angle of the open loop transfer function in degrees is -
$$phi=angle G(jomega)H(jomega)$$
Note − The base of logarithm is 10.Basic of Bode Plots
The following table shows the slope, magnitude and the phase angle values of the terms present in the open loop transfer function. This data is useful while drawing the Bode plots.Type of termG(jω)H(jω)Slope(dB/dec)Magnitude (dB)Phase angle(degrees)
Constant
$K$
$0$
$20 log K$
$0$
Zero at origin
$jomega$
$20$
$20 log omega$
$90$
‘n’ zeros at origin
$(jomega)^n$
$20: n$
$20: n log omega$
$90: n$
Pole at origin
$frac{1}{jomega}$
$-20$
$-20 log omega$
$-90 : or : 270$
‘n’ poles at origin
$frac{1}{(jomega)^n}$
$-20: n$
$-20 : n log omega$
$-90 : n : or : 270 : n$
Simple zero
$1+jomega r$
$20$
$0: for: omega < frac{1}{r}$
$20: log omega r: for : omega > frac{1}{r}$
$0 : for : omega < frac{1}{r}$
$90 : for : omega > frac{1}{r}$
Simple pole
$frac{1}{1+jomega r}$
$-20$
$0: for: omega < frac{1}{r}$
$-20: log omega r: for: omega > frac{1}{r}$
$0 : for : omega < frac{1}{r}$
$-90: or : 270 : for: omega > frac{1}{r}$
Second order derivative term
$omega_n^2left ( 1-frac{omega^2}{omega_n^2}+frac{2jdeltaomega}{omega_n} right )$
$40$
$40: log: omega_n: for : omega < omega_n$
$20: log:(2deltaomega_n^2): for : omega=omega_n$
$40 : log : omega:for :omega > omega_n$
$0 : for : omega < omega_n$
$90 : for : omega = omega_n$
$180 : for : omega > omega_n$
Second order integral term
$frac{1}{omega_n^2left ( 1-frac{omega^2}{omega_n^2}+frac{2jdeltaomega}{omega_n} right )}$
$-40$
$-40: log: omega_n: for : omega < omega_n$
$-20: log:(2deltaomega_n^2): for : omega=omega_n$
$-40 : log : omega:for :omega > omega_n$
$-0 : for : omega < omega_n$
$-90 : for : omega = omega_n$
$-180 : for : omega > omega_n$
Consider the open loop transfer function $G(s)H(s) = K$.
Magnitude $M = 20: log K$ dB
Phase angle $phi = 0$ degrees
If $K = 1$, then magnitude is 0 dB.
If $K > 1$, then magnitude will be positive.
If $K < 1$, then magnitude will be negative.
The following figure shows the corresponding Bode plot.
The magnitude plot is a horizontal line, which is independent of frequency. The 0 dB line itself is the magnitude plot when the value of K is one. For the positive values of K, the horizontal line will shift $20 :log K$ dB above the 0 dB line. For the negative values of K, the horizontal line will shift $20: log K$ dB below the 0 dB line. The Zero degrees line itself is the phase plot for all the positive values of K.
Consider the open loop transfer function $G(s)H(s) = s$.
Magnitude $M = 20 log omega$ dB
Phase angle $phi = 90^0$
At $omega = 0.1$ rad/sec, the magnitude is -20 dB.
At $omega = 1$ rad/sec, the magnitude is 0 dB.
At $omega = 10$ rad/sec, the magnitude is 20 dB.
The following figure shows the corresponding Bode plot.
The magnitude plot is a line, which is having a slope of 20 dB/dec. This line started at $omega = 0.1$ rad/sec having a magnitude of -20 dB and it continues on the same slope. It is touching 0 dB line at $omega = 1$ rad/sec. In this case, the phase plot is 900 line.
Consider the open loop transfer function $G(s)H(s) = 1 + stau$.
Magnitude $M = 20: log sqrt{1 + omega^2tau^2}$ dB
Phase angle $phi = tan^{-1}omegatau$ degrees
For $ω < frac{1}{tau}$ , the magnitude is 0 dB and phase angle is 0 degrees.
For $omega > frac{1}{tau}$ , the magnitude is $20: log omegatau$ dB and phase angle is 900.
The following figure shows the corresponding Bode plot.
The magnitude plot is having magnitude of 0 dB upto $omega=frac{1}{tau}$ rad/sec. From $omega = frac{1}{tau}$ rad/sec, it is having a slope of 20 dB/dec. In this case, the phase plot is having phase angle of 0 degrees up to $omega = frac{1}{tau}$ rad/sec and from here, it is having phase angle of 900. This Bode plot is called the asymptotic Bode plot.
As the magnitude and the phase plots are represented with straight lines, the Exact Bode plots resemble the asymptotic Bode plots. The only difference is that the Exact Bode plots will have simple curves instead of straight lines.
Similarly, you can draw the Bode plots for other terms of the open loop transfer function which are given in the table.What is the Plot of a Story?
If you are currently wondering, “WHAT IS A PLOT OF A STORY?” we’ve got the answer!
Last updated on June 28, 2019.
Plot as a literary term is defined as the structure of events that make up the movements of a story through time; characters and settings are organized in a logical pattern of cause-and-effect. A plot can be simple or complex in structure. A complex plot with many interrelated elements is sometimes called an imbroglio. Plot is also sometimes referred to as a storyline.Five essential elements of plot explained:
1. Exposition/Introduction: In the exposition stage of the plot of a story, the setting and characters (especially the main character, known as the protagonist) are introduced, as well as the main problem, conflict or goal of the story.
2. Rising Action: The rising action stage involves an inciting incident. The inciting incident pushes the plot into motion, events begin to build, the protagonist takes action, and the storyline becomes more complex. During this phase, there is often a sense of tension.
3. Climax: The climax is the turning point in the plot of a story. It involves a “climax” (hence the name) – the central struggle. The protagonist faces the main challenge which will eventually lead to the outcome or goal of the story. Typically, this is the most emotional part of the storyline and it often involves the most action.
4. Falling Action: During this stage, the action winds down, loose ends get tied up, events are resolved and we learn the results of the protagonists’ actions.
5. Denoument/Conclusion: In the denoument stage, the goal is resolved and the conflict ends (could be positive, negative or neutral). This is the end of the story.5 Plots In Order WorksheetWithout plot, there is no story.
In a story, something has to happen; otherwise, it’s not a story. The plot of a story includes the events of the story and conveys the key themes, messages, and meaning of the narrative. It’s what gives a story its energy and emotion. A good plot engages readers so they want to know what will happen next.5 Plots In Order Anchor Chart
Did you like this article? Then you might also like “8 Essential Elements of a Story Explained” which covers Setting, Character, Story Plot, Conflict, Theme, Point-of-View, Tone, and Style. Or, check out this perfectly printable PDF of the 8 elements of a story. You might also like 10 Steps to an A+ Essay.
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*5 Plots In Order Worksheet
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The plot of lnN 2 O 5 versus t gives a straight line, whereas the plots of N 2 O 5 versus t and 1/N 2 O 5 versus t do not. This means that the decomposition of N 2 O 5 is first order in N 2 O 5. B The rate law for the reaction is therefore. Rate = kN 2 O 5. Created using PowToon - Free sign up at. Make your own animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free.
*Control Systems Tutorial
*Control Systems Useful Resources
*Selected Reading
The Bode plot or the Bode diagram consists of two plots −
*Magnitude plot
*Phase plot
In both the plots, x-axis represents angular frequency (logarithmic scale). Whereas, yaxis represents the magnitude (linear scale) of open loop transfer function in the magnitude plot and the phase angle (linear scale) of the open loop transfer function in the phase plot.
The magnitude of the open loop transfer function in dB is -
$$M=20: log|G(jomega)H(jomega)|$$
The phase angle of the open loop transfer function in degrees is -
$$phi=angle G(jomega)H(jomega)$$
Note − The base of logarithm is 10.Basic of Bode Plots
The following table shows the slope, magnitude and the phase angle values of the terms present in the open loop transfer function. This data is useful while drawing the Bode plots.Type of termG(jω)H(jω)Slope(dB/dec)Magnitude (dB)Phase angle(degrees)
Constant
$K$
$0$
$20 log K$
$0$
Zero at origin
$jomega$
$20$
$20 log omega$
$90$
‘n’ zeros at origin
$(jomega)^n$
$20: n$
$20: n log omega$
$90: n$
Pole at origin
$frac{1}{jomega}$
$-20$
$-20 log omega$
$-90 : or : 270$
‘n’ poles at origin
$frac{1}{(jomega)^n}$
$-20: n$
$-20 : n log omega$
$-90 : n : or : 270 : n$
Simple zero
$1+jomega r$
$20$
$0: for: omega < frac{1}{r}$
$20: log omega r: for : omega > frac{1}{r}$
$0 : for : omega < frac{1}{r}$
$90 : for : omega > frac{1}{r}$
Simple pole
$frac{1}{1+jomega r}$
$-20$
$0: for: omega < frac{1}{r}$
$-20: log omega r: for: omega > frac{1}{r}$
$0 : for : omega < frac{1}{r}$
$-90: or : 270 : for: omega > frac{1}{r}$
Second order derivative term
$omega_n^2left ( 1-frac{omega^2}{omega_n^2}+frac{2jdeltaomega}{omega_n} right )$
$40$
$40: log: omega_n: for : omega < omega_n$
$20: log:(2deltaomega_n^2): for : omega=omega_n$
$40 : log : omega:for :omega > omega_n$
$0 : for : omega < omega_n$
$90 : for : omega = omega_n$
$180 : for : omega > omega_n$
Second order integral term
$frac{1}{omega_n^2left ( 1-frac{omega^2}{omega_n^2}+frac{2jdeltaomega}{omega_n} right )}$
$-40$
$-40: log: omega_n: for : omega < omega_n$
$-20: log:(2deltaomega_n^2): for : omega=omega_n$
$-40 : log : omega:for :omega > omega_n$
$-0 : for : omega < omega_n$
$-90 : for : omega = omega_n$
$-180 : for : omega > omega_n$
Consider the open loop transfer function $G(s)H(s) = K$.
Magnitude $M = 20: log K$ dB
Phase angle $phi = 0$ degrees
If $K = 1$, then magnitude is 0 dB.
If $K > 1$, then magnitude will be positive.
If $K < 1$, then magnitude will be negative.
The following figure shows the corresponding Bode plot.
The magnitude plot is a horizontal line, which is independent of frequency. The 0 dB line itself is the magnitude plot when the value of K is one. For the positive values of K, the horizontal line will shift $20 :log K$ dB above the 0 dB line. For the negative values of K, the horizontal line will shift $20: log K$ dB below the 0 dB line. The Zero degrees line itself is the phase plot for all the positive values of K.
Consider the open loop transfer function $G(s)H(s) = s$.
Magnitude $M = 20 log omega$ dB
Phase angle $phi = 90^0$
At $omega = 0.1$ rad/sec, the magnitude is -20 dB.
At $omega = 1$ rad/sec, the magnitude is 0 dB.
At $omega = 10$ rad/sec, the magnitude is 20 dB.
The following figure shows the corresponding Bode plot.
The magnitude plot is a line, which is having a slope of 20 dB/dec. This line started at $omega = 0.1$ rad/sec having a magnitude of -20 dB and it continues on the same slope. It is touching 0 dB line at $omega = 1$ rad/sec. In this case, the phase plot is 900 line.
Consider the open loop transfer function $G(s)H(s) = 1 + stau$.
Magnitude $M = 20: log sqrt{1 + omega^2tau^2}$ dB
Phase angle $phi = tan^{-1}omegatau$ degrees
For $ω < frac{1}{tau}$ , the magnitude is 0 dB and phase angle is 0 degrees.
For $omega > frac{1}{tau}$ , the magnitude is $20: log omegatau$ dB and phase angle is 900.
The following figure shows the corresponding Bode plot.
The magnitude plot is having magnitude of 0 dB upto $omega=frac{1}{tau}$ rad/sec. From $omega = frac{1}{tau}$ rad/sec, it is having a slope of 20 dB/dec. In this case, the phase plot is having phase angle of 0 degrees up to $omega = frac{1}{tau}$ rad/sec and from here, it is having phase angle of 900. This Bode plot is called the asymptotic Bode plot.
As the magnitude and the phase plots are represented with straight lines, the Exact Bode plots resemble the asymptotic Bode plots. The only difference is that the Exact Bode plots will have simple curves instead of straight lines.
Similarly, you can draw the Bode plots for other terms of the open loop transfer function which are given in the table.What is the Plot of a Story?
If you are currently wondering, “WHAT IS A PLOT OF A STORY?” we’ve got the answer!
Last updated on June 28, 2019.
Plot as a literary term is defined as the structure of events that make up the movements of a story through time; characters and settings are organized in a logical pattern of cause-and-effect. A plot can be simple or complex in structure. A complex plot with many interrelated elements is sometimes called an imbroglio. Plot is also sometimes referred to as a storyline.Five essential elements of plot explained:
1. Exposition/Introduction: In the exposition stage of the plot of a story, the setting and characters (especially the main character, known as the protagonist) are introduced, as well as the main problem, conflict or goal of the story.
2. Rising Action: The rising action stage involves an inciting incident. The inciting incident pushes the plot into motion, events begin to build, the protagonist takes action, and the storyline becomes more complex. During this phase, there is often a sense of tension.
3. Climax: The climax is the turning point in the plot of a story. It involves a “climax” (hence the name) – the central struggle. The protagonist faces the main challenge which will eventually lead to the outcome or goal of the story. Typically, this is the most emotional part of the storyline and it often involves the most action.
4. Falling Action: During this stage, the action winds down, loose ends get tied up, events are resolved and we learn the results of the protagonists’ actions.
5. Denoument/Conclusion: In the denoument stage, the goal is resolved and the conflict ends (could be positive, negative or neutral). This is the end of the story.5 Plots In Order WorksheetWithout plot, there is no story.
In a story, something has to happen; otherwise, it’s not a story. The plot of a story includes the events of the story and conveys the key themes, messages, and meaning of the narrative. It’s what gives a story its energy and emotion. A good plot engages readers so they want to know what will happen next.5 Plots In Order Anchor Chart
Did you like this article? Then you might also like “8 Essential Elements of a Story Explained” which covers Setting, Character, Story Plot, Conflict, Theme, Point-of-View, Tone, and Style. Or, check out this perfectly printable PDF of the 8 elements of a story. You might also like 10 Steps to an A+ Essay.
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For fans of playing lobster based slot games in order to win enough money to buy some lobster, Lucky Larry’s Lobstermania has a long history of filling that highly specific niche amongst avid lobster slot fans.
Indeed, the franchise is several iterations of the idea with Lobstermania slot games numbering all the way to Lobtermania 4.
For our purposes today however, we will look to the original game that first appeared in land-based casinos years ago and proved an enduring game favorite of casino players.
The popularity of the game has since extended to the internet with the free online slot giant, IGT, putting this top performer on a mobile platform. This means that Lobstermania slots are available for play regardless of where the nearest casino might be located.How to Play the Lobstermania Slot
As one might expect from a slot called Lobstermania, there is also an accompanying nautical theme that runs throughout the game as you help Lucky Larry with his varying concerns while amassing big wins for yourself.
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Lucky Larry’s Lobstermania slots machine offers two ways to win big in the bonus round. The first, If that happens when there is a multiplier on reel 3 you may also win between 3x and 5x the original prize value.
Also watch out for the Jackpot Scatter Symbols which can also act as Wilds, however when they appear on 3 to 5 consecutive reels they will also award a jackpot.
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The second bonus is equally lucrative. If the player gets three lobster icons it will trigger the bonus game where the player has the chance to win great awards. This particular bonus round requires the player to help Lucky Larry’ friends escape. Players will have to free the lobsters during the bonus round.
Each lobster that is freed will add to Lucky Larry’s happiness which will multiply the bonus progressively. At the end of the round, the bonus winnings will be added to the player’s total.Final Conclusions Regarding IGT Lucky Larry’s Lobstermania
I loved the game’s graphics and sound track and found my self comfortable ensconced on the bottom of the sea as I played. IGT delivers compelling games, and they hit this one out of the park when they opened up Larry to an even larger audience than he had before.
Lobstermania Slots is a 5-reel, 20-payline slot machine fromIGT. It is a nautical-themed game about animated lobstercharacters. Many websites refer to this gaming machine as“Lobster Mania”, which makes it hard to find on some sites. A5-reel, 25-payline game from IGT called “Lucky Larry’s LobsterMania” complicates those searches.
In 2016, Lobstermania 2 is found more often than theoriginal, so I’ll give that title more attention on this page asits predecessor (or maybe more). The second edition certainlyhas much better animated graphics and sounds. It is a bit morecomplex of a game, so it takes some explanation.
Complicating matters even further, IGT released the thirdgame in this series in October 2015. The third edition is called“Lucky Larry’s Lobster Mania 2”, which might cause confusion.Lucky Larry’s Lobstermania 2 is a 5-reel, 40-line game. The40-payline slot machine has a smaller fixed jackpot and bettergraphics.Slots Lucky Larry Lobstermania
Players can make up their own minds which of the two versionsthey would rather play, but the 2015 variant appears to be aninferior product (from a player’s perspective) released to takeadvantage of the Lucky Larry’s Lobstermania’s popularity.Free Slots Lobstermania
Over the course of this article, we’ll discuss all threegaming machines, which use the same funny animal characters.Let’s start with the original lobster-themed slot machine.
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Lucky Larrys Lobstermania 2 slot machine has a number of different bonus rounds. The Scatter Symbols will also award an extra Bonus Picker Round of either the Lucky Lobster Free Spins Bonus or the Lucky Larry Buoy Bonus 2, with the latter awarding between 40x and 95x your coin-value. Lobstermania slot game from Openbet: is a 5-reel video slot with 25 paylines for your bets to be placed. A value for the game since you can select exact lines instead of being offered blocks of lines. A minimum line wager is just a penny but can be maxed-out to 25 Dollars/Euro/GBP. Lobstermania is a popular IGT pokie machine game among UK players. It is a progressive slot designed for iPhone, for iPad, and requires no download for real money or free play. Playing for fun is possible without registration at an RTP value of 96.52%.When submitting my score I agree that my IP will be stored to prevent abuseMost Popular Online Slot GamesAll IGT Slot Games
For fans of playing lobster based slot games in order to win enough money to buy some lobster, Lucky Larry’s Lobstermania has a long history of filling that highly specific niche amongst avid lobster slot fans.
Indeed, the franchise is several iterations of the idea with Lobstermania slot games numbering all the way to Lobtermania 4.
For our purposes today however, we will look to the original game that first appeared in land-based casinos years ago and proved an enduring game favorite of casino players.
The popularity of the game has since extended to the internet with the free online slot giant, IGT, putting this top performer on a mobile platform. This means that Lobstermania slots are available for play regardless of where the nearest casino might be located.How to Play the Lobstermania Slot
As one might expect from a slot called Lobstermania, there is also an accompanying nautical theme that runs throughout the game as you help Lucky Larry with his varying concerns while amassing big wins for yourself.
It turns out; helping nature can be good for your bank account which is good news in general.
Lucky Larry is Happy-Go-Lucky crustacean that knows how to have a good time with his friends. What is Larry’s passion you may ask? Playing poker.
Your role is to help him and his friends enjoy their aquatic pleasure dome. Whether helping Larry finds his cards, or helping his encaged crustaceous friends escape captivity, you will win impressive wins for your efforts. Keep your eyes open for such icons as:
*Boats
*Buoys
*Shipyards
*Lighthouses
*FishermanFree Online Lucky Larry’s Lobstermania Igt
Lucky Larry likes to win and he likes his friends to win as well, so you are embarking to the very depths down to a high volatility game that features a 96% RTP. The two bonus rounds further ramp up the excitement.Lobstermania Slot Bonus RoundLobstermania Slots Uk
Lucky Larry’s Lobstermania slots machine offers two ways to win big in the bonus round. The first, If that happens when there is a multiplier on reel 3 you may also win between 3x and 5x the original prize value.
Also watch out for the Jackpot Scatter Symbols which can also act as Wilds, however when they appear on 3 to 5 consecutive reels they will also award a jackpot.
3 symbols awards a Light Trap of 2,500 coins, 4 symbols awards a Full Trap of 10,000 coins, and 5 symbols awards the Mother Lode of 50,000 coins.Free Casino Slots Lobstermania
The second bonus is equally lucrative. If the player gets three lobster icons it will trigger the bonus game where the player has the chance to win great awards. This particular bonus round requires the player to help Lucky Larry’ friends escape. Players will have to free the lobsters during the bonus round.
Each lobster that is freed will add to Lucky Larry’s happiness which will multiply the bonus progressively. At the end of the round, the bonus winnings will be added to the player’s total.Final Conclusions Regarding IGT Lucky Larry’s Lobstermania
I loved the game’s graphics and sound track and found my self comfortable ensconced on the bottom of the sea as I played. IGT delivers compelling games, and they hit this one out of the park when they opened up Larry to an even larger audience than he had before.
Lobstermania Slots is a 5-reel, 20-payline slot machine fromIGT. It is a nautical-themed game about animated lobstercharacters. Many websites refer to this gaming machine as“Lobster Mania”, which makes it hard to find on some sites. A5-reel, 25-payline game from IGT called “Lucky Larry’s LobsterMania” complicates those searches.
In 2016, Lobstermania 2 is found more often than theoriginal, so I’ll give that title more attention on this page asits predecessor (or maybe more). The second edition certainlyhas much better animated graphics and sounds. It is a bit morecomplex of a game, so it takes some explanation.
Complicating matters even further, IGT released the thirdgame in this series in October 2015. The third edition is called“Lucky Larry’s Lobster Mania 2”, which might cause confusion.Lucky Larry’s Lobstermania 2 is a 5-reel, 40-line game. The40-payline slot machine has a smaller fixed jackpot and bettergraphics.Slots Lucky Larry Lobstermania
Players can make up their own minds which of the two versionsthey would rather play, but the 2015 variant appears to be aninferior product (from a player’s perspective) released to takeadvantage of the Lucky Larry’s Lobstermania’s popularity.Free Slots Lobstermania
Over the course of this article, we’ll discuss all threegaming machines, which use the same funny animal characters.Let’s start with the original lobster-themed slot machine.
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Don’t you just love a classic? House of Fun has just the slot game for you in Classic Cash 777, with its whopping free spins game and mystery symbols.BEHIND THE SLOT
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Vladimir Vysotsky performing in Yaroslavl in 1979 TASS
Vysotsky’s Songs. It is often said that no one can translate Vysotsky well enough so that he would be understood and loved by non-Russians. Page 2 in result lists. View all records by Vladimir Vysotsky for sale on CDandLP in LP, CD, 12inch, 7inch format. He was a sex symbol, the Soviet Kurt Cobain whose star burned brightly and was soon extinguished. Unique in all ways, you won’t confuse Vladimir Vysotsky’s voice with any other: It will sear your soul.
Born into a poor family in Moscow in the turbulent year of 1938, Vladimir Vysotsky went on to become a very talented singer, songwriter and actor. Among his best roles in cinema are the police captain in the TV series, The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed; the White Army officer in Two Comrades Were Serving; and Don Juan in Little Tragedies. His most famous theater role was Hamlet at the Taganka Theater, Moscow’s progressive stage in the 1960s-1970s.
Everything Vysotsky did – whether performing in the theater, or singing, or just living - he did with nadryv, which is defined as a very strong tension encompassing all of one’s feelings, emotion and vital force. He died rather young at the age of 42, at the height of his fame. Sadly, he had a dark side, and his life was marred by alcohol and drugs. On Jan. 25, he would have turned 80.
His life was much like that life of a Hollywood movie star. He always had expensive cars, fashionable leather jackets, and of course, the most beautiful women. His last wife was French actress Marina Vladi – being married to a foreign woman was something that all Soviet men were envious of.Cached
Vysotsky composed nearly 600 songs, which he performed playing his guitar. Here are a few that are still popular and that for sure reflect the mysterious Russian soul.1. Farewell to Mountains
’Better than all the mountains is the Mount,Which nobody has mounted yet!’
This phrase is now an aphorism in Russia. It’s a song from the movie Vertical (1967), where Vysotsky played one of the leading roles and performed several songs. He says that every time people leave the mountains, they leave their hearts there. And each time they feel sorrow when leaving the mountains, there’s nothing one can do because ’ sometimes even gods descended to Earth.’
This song is a kind of anthem for Russian alpinists and backpackers. So, next time when you’re in the mountains, take a guitar and sing this song when sitting around the campfire. Here’s an English translation of the entire song.2. I don’t like
“I don’t like when a stranger reads my lettersGlancing over my shoulder.”
This is an interview with Vladimir Vysotsky, and with this song, I don’t like (1969), he tried to explain to journalists his life credo.
Generally speaking, he doesn’t like the things that a strong and honest man wouldn’t stand for: rumors, extreme self-confidence, when someone stabs you in the back and when someone tries to get inside your soul. He feels anger “when innocents suffer,” and isn’t happy with himself if he acts cowardly.
The full English translation is available here.3. Capricious Horses
“But my horses are so wayward, so hard to please,Leaving no time for a life, for a song...”
This song is an imitation of ancient Russian tunes and contains even motifs from an old gypsy romance. That’s one of the best examples of nadryv with which Vysotsky used to sing. This is the lyric story of a man who feels death is close, and he screams: “run slower, my horses, run slower.” He wants to live a little longer; “Let me stay on the brink”.
Take a look at the episode in the movie, White Nights, where Mikhail Baryshnikov dances to this Vystotsky song.4. Morning Gymnastics
“If you’re in your apartment,just lay down on your carpet!One-two-three! Complete correct movements!”
Alongside serious songs full of anguish, Vysotsky also composed cheerful ones, such as “Why Did the Savages Eat Captain Cook,” or “A letter to ‘Incredible But True’.” “Morning Gymnastics” (1968) is probably one of his most famous funny songs.
Find the song’s English translation here, and try a gym workout in the Soviet style.5. The Lyrical Song
“So, agree with the heaven in hut, what for more,If the palace is taken by others!”
As a man of deep thought and feelings Vysotsky also wrote romantic songs. This song that the author dedicated to his wife Marina will make you cry. The lyrical hero sings to his lady that he’ll take her away even from a magic forest, even if Mother Nature tries to stop him.
Read the full text of the song here.Vladimir Vysotsky Mp3 Download
If you want to know more about the soundtrack to the Russian soul, listen to 11 songs that explain everything.Vladimir Vysotsky Songs - Crookedcreekpuppies.com
If using any of Russia Beyond’s content, partly or in full, always provide an active hyperlink to the original material. Vladimir Vysotsky Mp3 Free
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Vladimir Vysotsky performing in Yaroslavl in 1979 TASS
Vysotsky’s Songs. It is often said that no one can translate Vysotsky well enough so that he would be understood and loved by non-Russians. Page 2 in result lists. View all records by Vladimir Vysotsky for sale on CDandLP in LP, CD, 12inch, 7inch format. He was a sex symbol, the Soviet Kurt Cobain whose star burned brightly and was soon extinguished. Unique in all ways, you won’t confuse Vladimir Vysotsky’s voice with any other: It will sear your soul.
Born into a poor family in Moscow in the turbulent year of 1938, Vladimir Vysotsky went on to become a very talented singer, songwriter and actor. Among his best roles in cinema are the police captain in the TV series, The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed; the White Army officer in Two Comrades Were Serving; and Don Juan in Little Tragedies. His most famous theater role was Hamlet at the Taganka Theater, Moscow’s progressive stage in the 1960s-1970s.
Everything Vysotsky did – whether performing in the theater, or singing, or just living - he did with nadryv, which is defined as a very strong tension encompassing all of one’s feelings, emotion and vital force. He died rather young at the age of 42, at the height of his fame. Sadly, he had a dark side, and his life was marred by alcohol and drugs. On Jan. 25, he would have turned 80.
His life was much like that life of a Hollywood movie star. He always had expensive cars, fashionable leather jackets, and of course, the most beautiful women. His last wife was French actress Marina Vladi – being married to a foreign woman was something that all Soviet men were envious of.Cached
Vysotsky composed nearly 600 songs, which he performed playing his guitar. Here are a few that are still popular and that for sure reflect the mysterious Russian soul.1. Farewell to Mountains
’Better than all the mountains is the Mount,Which nobody has mounted yet!’
This phrase is now an aphorism in Russia. It’s a song from the movie Vertical (1967), where Vysotsky played one of the leading roles and performed several songs. He says that every time people leave the mountains, they leave their hearts there. And each time they feel sorrow when leaving the mountains, there’s nothing one can do because ’ sometimes even gods descended to Earth.’
This song is a kind of anthem for Russian alpinists and backpackers. So, next time when you’re in the mountains, take a guitar and sing this song when sitting around the campfire. Here’s an English translation of the entire song.2. I don’t like
“I don’t like when a stranger reads my lettersGlancing over my shoulder.”
This is an interview with Vladimir Vysotsky, and with this song, I don’t like (1969), he tried to explain to journalists his life credo.
Generally speaking, he doesn’t like the things that a strong and honest man wouldn’t stand for: rumors, extreme self-confidence, when someone stabs you in the back and when someone tries to get inside your soul. He feels anger “when innocents suffer,” and isn’t happy with himself if he acts cowardly.
The full English translation is available here.3. Capricious Horses
“But my horses are so wayward, so hard to please,Leaving no time for a life, for a song...”
This song is an imitation of ancient Russian tunes and contains even motifs from an old gypsy romance. That’s one of the best examples of nadryv with which Vysotsky used to sing. This is the lyric story of a man who feels death is close, and he screams: “run slower, my horses, run slower.” He wants to live a little longer; “Let me stay on the brink”.
Take a look at the episode in the movie, White Nights, where Mikhail Baryshnikov dances to this Vystotsky song.4. Morning Gymnastics
“If you’re in your apartment,just lay down on your carpet!One-two-three! Complete correct movements!”
Alongside serious songs full of anguish, Vysotsky also composed cheerful ones, such as “Why Did the Savages Eat Captain Cook,” or “A letter to ‘Incredible But True’.” “Morning Gymnastics” (1968) is probably one of his most famous funny songs.
Find the song’s English translation here, and try a gym workout in the Soviet style.5. The Lyrical Song
“So, agree with the heaven in hut, what for more,If the palace is taken by others!”
As a man of deep thought and feelings Vysotsky also wrote romantic songs. This song that the author dedicated to his wife Marina will make you cry. The lyrical hero sings to his lady that he’ll take her away even from a magic forest, even if Mother Nature tries to stop him.
Read the full text of the song here.Vladimir Vysotsky Mp3 Download
If you want to know more about the soundtrack to the Russian soul, listen to 11 songs that explain everything.Vladimir Vysotsky Songs - Crookedcreekpuppies.com
If using any of Russia Beyond’s content, partly or in full, always provide an active hyperlink to the original material. Vladimir Vysotsky Mp3 Free
Get the week’s best stories straight to your inboxVysotsky Vladimir Mp3We’ve got more than 1,8 million followers on Facebook. Join them!
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